Drugs for acid-related disorders
There are several classes of drugs for acid-related disorders, such as dyspepsia, peptic ulcer disease (PUD), gastroesophageal reflux disease (GORD/GERD), or laryngopharyngeal reflux.
The World Health Organization gives drugs in these classes the categorization code ATC code A02.
H2 antagonists
The H2 receptor antagonists are a class of drugs used to block the action of histamine on parietal cells in the stomach, decreasing the production of acid by these cells. H2 antagonists are used in the treatment of dyspepsia, although they have been surpassed in popularity by the more effective[1] proton pump inhibitors.
H2 receptor antagonists are named using the suffix "-tidine".
Proton-pump inhibitors
Proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) are a group of drugs whose main action is a pronounced and long-lasting reduction of gastric acid production. They are the most potent inhibitors of acid secretion available. The group followed and has largely superseded another group of pharmaceuticals with similar effects, but a different mode of action, called H2-receptor antagonists. These drugs are among the most widely sold drugs in the world, and are generally considered effective.[2]
Proton-pump inhibitors are named using the suffix "-prazole".
Prostaglandins
A prostaglandin is any member of a group of lipid compounds that are derived enzymatically from fatty acids and have important functions in the animal body. Every prostaglandin contains 20 carbon atoms, including a 5-carbon ring.
They are mediators and have a variety of strong physiological effects, such as regulating the contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle tissue.[3] There are many prostaglandins with many effects. Prostaglandin E2 has effects including reducing gastric acid and increasing gastric mucus, which among other effects treat acid-related disorders.
Prostaglandins are named using the root term "-prost-".
Other drugs
Other drugs which have been used to treat acid-related disorders are not part of the above categories and function through a variety of mechanisms.
Alternative methods for reducing acid production
Availability of drugs
| Availability of drugs for acid-related disorders | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| drug | class | Examples of countries where some dosages are available without prescription | Examples of countries where available in generic form |
| Omeprazole | PPI | United States[4] | United States[4] |
| Lansoprazole | PPI | United States[4] | |
| Omeprazole/sodium bicarbonate | PPI | United States[4] | |
| Pantoprazole | PPI | United States[4] | |
| Ranitidine | H2 antagonist | United States[4] | |
| Famotidine (only 10 mg) |
H2 antagonist | Russian Federation[5] | |
| Ranitidine (both 75 and 150 mg) |
H2 antagonist | Russian Federation[6] | Russian Federation |
In the United States, all four FDA-approved members of the group—cimetidine, ranitidine, famotidine, and nizatidine—are available over the counter in relatively low doses.
References
- ↑ Eriksson S, Långström G, Rikner L, Carlsson R, Naesdal J. Omeprazole and H2-receptor antagonists in the acute treatment of duodenal ulcer, gastric ulcer and reflux oesophagitis: a meta-analysis [published correction appears in Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1996;8:192]. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1995;7:467-475
- ↑ The Health Strategies Consultancy LLC (March 2005). "Follow The Pill: Understanding the U.S. Commercial Pharmaceutical Supply Chain". The Kaiser Family Foundation.
- ↑ Nelson, Randy F. (2005). An introduction to behavioral endocrinology (3rd ed.). Sunderland, Mass: Sinauer Associates. p. 100. ISBN 0-87893-617-3.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Consumer Reports; Drug Effectiveness Review Project (May 2010). "Drugs to Treat Heartburn and Stomach Acid Reflux: The Proton Pump Inhibitors - Comparing Effectiveness, Safety, and Price" (PDF). Best Buy Drugs. Consumer Reports: 2. Retrieved 12 April 2013.
- ↑ "State Register of Medicinal Products. "Quamatel mini" (famotidine 10 mg tablets) Full Prescribing Information". Russian State Register of Medicinal Products (in Russian). p. 3. Retrieved 18 June 2015.
- ↑ "State Register of Medicinal Products. "Ranisan" (ranitidine 75 and 150 mg tablets) Full Prescribing Information". Russian State Register of Medicinal Products (in Russian). Retrieved 18 June 2015.