Dog (engineering)

In engineering a dog is a tool that prevents movement or imparts movement by offering physical obstruction or engagement of some kind. It may hold another object in place by blocking it, clamping it, or otherwise obstructing its movement. Or it may couple various parts together so that they move in unison - the primary example of this being a flexible drive to mate two shafts in order to transmit torque. Some devices use dog clutches to lock together two spinning components. In a manual transmission, the dog clutches, or "dogs" lock the selected gear to the shaft it rotates on. Unless the dog is engaged, the gear will simply freewheel on the shaft.

This word usage is a metaphor derived from the idea of a dog (animal) biting and holding on, the "dog" name derived from the basic idea of how a dog jaw locks on, by the movement of the jaw, or by the presence of many teeth. In engineering the "dog" device has some special engineering work when making it – it is not a simple part to make as it is not a simple bar or pipe, and the metal used in its construction is likely to be special rather than regular steel.

There is potential for confusion as "dog tensioners" are levers which are named due to the shape of the lever appearing as a dog leg, as the lever is in a pantograph arrangement, or "dog trailers" which are named due to the use of multiple trailers for transporting animal cages.

Subtypes and examples of applications

Chainsaw dogs

Although not seen on all chainsaws, when present chainsaw dogs are mounted where the bar meets the power head. Chainsaw dogs provide stability and serve as a sort of fulcrum for swinging the bar through the item being cut.

Shutter dogs

Shutter dogs

Functional exterior window shutters (which can be swung shut whenever storms approach in order to protect the window glass from impact by wind-blown debris) are held open during pleasant weather by wrought-iron or cast-iron dogs, which are called shutter dogs.

Bench dogs

A bench dog is an accessory used on a woodworking workbench to allow clamping of wooden items whilst being worked.

Ladder dogs

Ladder dogs are the parts of a ladder that hold the ladder at a certain height, and articulate against pawls to allow adjustment.

Hatch dogs

A hatch on USS Blue Ridge with the hatch dogs clearly visible.

The doors that allow passage through bulkheads between compartments inside a ship can be closed during emergencies to seal off one compartment from another, thus sequestering water leaks, fires, or waves of air pressure and preventing them from compromising the rest of the ship's interior. The objects that are wedged against the door to hold it closed against the water or air pressure are an example of dogs. To dog the hatches means to close the hatches and dog them down (fasten them closed).

Firedogs (alias dog irons, andirons)

Andirons, which hold up the firewood in a fireplace, are sometimes called dogs, firedogs, or dog irons.

Clutch dogs

The clutch that mates the engine to the transmission in a modern manual-shift automobile is a friction clutch whose disc and pressure plate are smooth; they lock up simply through friction. However, some kinds of clutches (including those inside an automatic transmission) may lock up via the engagement of dogs, rather than only through friction. These clutches are called dog clutches and the dogs used within them are called clutch dogs.

Lathe dogs

The lathe dog (or lathe carrier) is essentially analogous to a clutch dog. It is used to provide positive drive to a workpiece turning between centers on a lathe. Without the dog, the cutting tool would tend to "catch", e.g., stop the workpiece from turning while the headstock center continued to rotate, possibly causing damage to the workpiece, or the lathe.

Feed dogs

The feed dogs of a sewing machine feed the fabric in a linear stepping motion past the needle.

Log dog or timber dog

In carpentry log dogs were used to repair timber frame joints. In hewing (shaping with an axe) timbers or sawing with some types of water powered sawmills log dogs are used to hold the timber in place.

Images

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