Dharmasthala Temple

Dharmasthala Temple

The entrance of Dharmasthala Manjunatha Temple
Dharmasthala Temple
Location in Karnataka
Name
Proper name Kṣētra Dharmasthala
Devanagari क्षेत्र धर्मस्थल
Sanskrit transliteration Kṣētra Dharmasthala
Kannada ಶ್ರೀ ಕ್ಷೇತ್ರ ಧರ್ಮಸ್ಥಳ
Geography
Coordinates 12°57′36″N 75°22′42″E / 12.96012°N 75.37836°E / 12.96012; 75.37836Coordinates: 12°57′36″N 75°22′42″E / 12.96012°N 75.37836°E / 12.96012; 75.37836
Country India
State/province Karnataka
District Dakshina Kannada
Locale Dharmasthala
Culture
Primary deity Mañjunatha (Shiva) & Chandraprabhu
Important festivals Maha Shivaratri
Laksha Deepa Utsava
Architecture
Architectural styles Kerala temple architecture
History and governance
Date built 1200 C.E.
Creator Birmanna Pergade
Website www.shridharmasthala.org

Dharmasthala Temple(Kannada/Tulu:ಶ್ರೀ ಕ್ಷೇತ್ರ ಧರ್ಮಸ್ಥಳ) (Sanskrit: क्षेत्र धर्मस्थल Kṣētra Dharmasthala) is an 800-year-old[1] religious institution in the temple town of Dharmasthala in Dakshina Kannada, Karnataka, India. The deities of the temple are Shiva, who is referred to as Mañjunatha, Ammavaru, the tirthankara Chandraprabha and the protective gods of Jainism, Kalarahu, Kalarkayi, Kumarasvami and Kanyakumari. The temple is considered unique[2] since it belongs to the Shaiva sect of Hinduism. The priests are Shivalli Brahmins, who are Vaishnava, and the administration is run by a Jain Bunt family called the Pergades.

Legend and origin

800 years ago, Dharmasthala was known as Kuduma in Mallarmadi, then a village in Belthangady. Here lived the Jain Bunt chieftain Birmanna Pergade and his wife Ammu Ballalthi in a house called Nelliadi Beedu. According to the legend, the guardian angels of Dharma assumed human forms and arrived at Pergade's abode in search of a place where Dharma was being practised and could be continued and propagated. As was their habit, the couple hosted these illustrious visitors with all their wherewithal and great respect. Pleased by their sincerity and generosity, that night the Dharma Daivas appeared in the dreams of Pergade. They explained the purpose of their visit to him and instructed him to vacate his house for the worship of the Daivas and dedicate his life to the propagation of Dharma. Asking no questions, the Pergade built himself another house and began worshiping the Daivas at Nelliadi Beedu.

This worship of daivas continues. The Dharma Daivas again appeared before Pergade to build separate shrines to consecrate the four Daivas — Kalarahu, Kalarkayi, Kumaraswamy and Kanyakumari. Also, Pergade was instructed to choose two persons of noble birth to act as the Daivas' oracles and four worthy persons to assist Pergade in his duties as the executive head of the shrines. In return, the Daivas promised Pergade protection for his family, abundance of charity and renowned for the 'Kshetra'. Pergade, as desired, built the shrines and invited Brahmin priests to perform the rituals. These priests requested Pergade to install a Shivalinga beside the native Daivas. The Daivas then sent their vassal Annappa Swamy to procure the lingam of Shiva from Kadri Manjunath Temple, near Mangalore. Subsequently, the Manjunatha temple was built around the linga.[2]

Pergade family

Chandranatha basadi in Dharmasthala
Bhagavan Baahubali statute,Dharmasthala
Gateway of Dharmasthala

The Pergade family is a Jain Bunt family who descend from the creator of the temple. Birmanna Pergade and his wife Ammu Ballalthi and are the hereditary trustees of the temple. The eldest male member assumes the position of Dharma Adhikari (chief administrator) and uses the title Heggade. The Heggade was the feudal lord of the temple town and solved civil or criminal disputes. This was a judicial function and continues even to this day: The Heggade sits in judgement on hundreds of civil complaints, known as hoyulu, each day.[1] About nearly twenty generations of the Pergade family have assumed the position of Dharma Adhikari. The present Dharma Adhikari is Veerendra Heggade. The list of previous Dharma Adhikari is as follows:[2][3]

Dharma Adhikari number Name From To
1 Varmanna Heggade (Bermanna Pergade)
2 Padmayya Heggade
3 Chandayya Heggade I
4 Devaraja Heggade
5 Manjayya Heggade I
6 Jinappa Heggade
7 Chandayya Heggade II
8 Devapparaja Heggade
9 Anantayya Heggade
10 Vrsabhayya Heggade
11 Gummanna Heggade
12 Varadayya Heggade
13 Chandayya Heggade III
14 Kumarayya Heggade
15 Chandayya Heggade IV
16 Manjayya Heggade II
17 Dharmapala Heggade
18 Chandayya Heggade V 1918 C.E.
19 Manjayya Heggade III 1918 C.E. 1955 C.E.
20 Ratnavarma Heggade 1955 C.E. 1968 C.E.
21 Veerendra Heggade 1968 C.E. Present

References

  1. 1 2 David, Stephen. "Heavenly Post". India Today. Retrieved June 17, 2002.
  2. 1 2 3 Long, Roger D; Wolpert, Stanley A. (2004). Charisma and Commitment in South Asian History. Orient Blackswan. ISBN 978-81-250-2641-9.
  3. ↑ B. N. Hebbar (2005). The Śrī-Kṛṣṇa Temple at Uḍupi: the historical and spiritual center of the Madhvite sect of Hinduism. Bharatiya Granth Niketan. pp. 83–84. ISBN 978-81-89211-04-2.
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