Demographics of Colombia

Demographics of Colombia

Tota Lake
Population 48,301,354 (at 2015)(28th)[1]
Density 42.25 inhab/sq km (72nd)
Growth rate Increase 1.27% (105th)
Birth rate 18.9 births/1,000 population (111th)
Death rate 5.8/1,000 population (178th)
Life expectancy 79 (34th)
 • male 76 (37th)
 • female 83 (22nd)
Fertility rate 2.30 children/woman (103rd)
Net migration rate Decrease-0.65 (2014)[2]
Age structure
0–14 years 26.7%
15–64 years 65.6%
65 and over 7.6%
Sex ratio
Total 1.03 male(s)/female
Under 15 1.02 male(s)/female
15–64 years 0.95 male(s)/female
65 and over 0.75 male(s)/female
Language
Spoken Spanish

This article is about the demographic features of the population of Colombia, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

The Demography of Colombia is characterized for being the third-most populous country in Latin America, after Mexico and Brazil. Colombia experienced rapid population growth like most countries, but four decades of an armed conflict pushed millions of Colombians out of the country. However, a rebound economy in the 2000s in urban centres (perhaps the most urbanized Latin American nation) improved the situation of living standards for Colombians in a traditional class stratified economy. In the years following 2002 the safety has been improving throughout the country. Young citizens now invest in education so they can stay and contribute to the country's future.

Census

Population census
YearPop.±% p.a.
1864 1,694,487—    
1870 2,681,637+7.95%
1905* 4,533,777+1.51%
1912 5,472,604+2.73%
1918 5,855,077+1.13%
1928 7,851,110+2.98%
1938** 8,701,816+1.03%
1951 11,228,509+1.98%
1964 17,848,508+3.63%
1973 20,666,920+1.64%
1985 27,867,326+2.52%
1993 33,109,840+2.18%
2005 42,888,592+2.18%
2015 48,203,405+1.18%
Note: Diverse sources Census respective year DANE *First census after 35 years **First modern census
Source: DANEDANE Simple
The population density of Colombia. Red showing concentration of population.
Demographics of Colombia, Data of FAO, year 2005 ; Number of inhabitants in thousands.

2005 Census

According to the 2005 census, there are 46,219,699 Colombians in the world (42,888,592 living in the national territory and 3,331,107 living abroad). On 2005 there was 3,378,345 Colombians living permanently on exterior. More recently, according with MRE estimates this indicator may ascends to 4,700,000 on 2012.[3]

#DepartmentCapitalAreaPopulation
1AmazonasLeticia 109,665 km²56,036
2AntioquiaMedellín 63,612 km²5,671,689
3AraucaArauca 23,818 km²208,605
4AtlánticoBarranquilla 3,388 km²2,112,128
5Bogotá, Distrito CapitalBogotá 1,587 km²6,778,691 (not metropolitan)
6BolívarCartagena 25,978 km²1,860,445
7BoyacáTunja 23,189 km²1,211,186
8CaldasManizales 7,888 km²908,841
9CaquetáFlorencia 88,965 km²404,896
10CasanareYopal 44,640 km²282,452
11CaucaPopayán 29,308 km²1,244,886
12CesarValledupar 22,905 km²879,914
13ChocóQuibdó 46,530 km²441,395
14CórdobaMontería 25,020 km²1,472,699
15CundinamarcaBogotá 24,210 km²2,228,478 (without Bogotá)
16GuainíaInirida 72,238 km²30,232
17GuaviareSan José del Guaviare 53,460 km²81,411
18HuilaNeiva 19,890 km²1,006,797
19La GuajiraRiohacha 20,848 km²623,250
20MagdalenaSanta Marta 23,188 km² 1,136,901
21MetaVillavicencio 85,635 km²789,276
22NariñoPasto 33,268 km²1,531,777
23Norte de SantanderCúcuta 21,658 km²1,228,028
24PutumayoMocoa 24,885 km²299,286
25QuindíoArmenia 1,845 km²518,691
26RisaraldaPereira 4,140 km²863,663
27San Andrés and ProvidenciaSan Andrés 52 km²59,573
28SantanderBucaramanga 30,537 km²1,916,336
29SucreSincelejo 10,670 km²765,285
30TolimaIbagué 23,562 km²1,335,177
31Valle del CaucaCali 22,140 km²4,060,196
32VaupésMitú 54,135 km²27,124
33VichadaPuerto Carreño 100,242 km²55,158
Total1,141,748 km²42,888,592

20th and 21st centuries

Colombian census from 1912:[4]

UN estimates

According to the 2015 revision of the World Population Prospects the total population was 48,229,000 in 2015, compared to only 12,342,000 in 1950. The proportion of children below the age of 15 in 2015 was 24.3%, 68.7% was between 15 and 65 years of age, while 7% was 65 years or older .[6]

Total population
(x 1000)		 Proportion
aged 0–14
(%)		 Proportion
aged 15–64
(%)		 Proportion
aged 65+
(%)
1950 12 34142.654.03.4
1955 14 22544.852.03.2
1960 16 48046.450.43.2
1965 19 14446.949.93.2
1970 22 06145.950.73.4
1975 24 75743.453.03.6
1980 27 73840.655.73.7
1985 31 01237.958.23.9
1990 34 27236.359.64.1
1995 37 44234.361.34.4
2000 40 40431.563.84.7
2005 43 28628.965.95.2
2010 45 91826.467.85.9
2015 48 22924.368.77.0

Structure of the population[7]

Structure of the population (01.07.2013) (Estimates) (Data are revised projections taking into consideration also the results of 2005 census) :

Age Group Male Female Total %
Total 23,264,039 23,857,050 47,121,089 100
0–4 2,199,694 2,100,031 4,299,725 9.12
5–9 2,179,681 2,084,913 4,264,594 9.05
10–14 2,209,575 2,118,395 4,327,970 9.18
15–19 2,244,449 2,143,506 4,387,955 9.31
20–24 2,160,859 2,061,652 4,222,511 8.96
25–29 1,914,365 1,904,075 3,818,440 8.10
30–34 1,671,089 1,754,172 3,425,261 7.27
35–39 1,490,015 1,583,059 3,073,074 6.52
40–44 1,381,926 1,498,588 2,880,514 6.11
45–49 1,366,374 1,495,820 2,862,194 6.07
50–54 1,210,148 1,332,829 2,542,977 5.40
55–59 970,679 1,080,402 2,051,081 4.35
60–64 753,793 840,857 1,594,650 3.38
65–69 558,729 635,567 1,194,296 2.53
70–74 394,140 471,078 865,218 1.84
75–79 287,769 372,754 660,523 1.40
80+ 270,754 379,352 650,106 1.38
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0–14 6,588,950 6,303,339 12,892,289 27.36
15–64 15,163,697 15,694,960 30,858,657 65.49
65+ 1,511,392 1,858,751 3,370,143 7.15

Urbanization

Movement from rural to urban areas was very heavy in the middle of the twentieth century, but has since tapered off. The urban population increased from 31% of the total population in 1938, to 57% in 1951 and about 70% by 1990. Currently the figure is about 77%. Thirty cities have a population of 100,000 or more. The nine eastern lowlands departments, constituting about 54% of Colombia's area, have less than 3% of the population and a density of less than one person per square kilometer (two people per sq. mi.).

Vital statistics

UN estimates

The Population Departement of the United Nations prepared the following estimates.[6]

Period Live births
per year		 Deaths
per year		 Natural change
per year		 CBR* CDR* NC* TFR* IMR* Life expectancy
total		 Life expectancy
males		 Life expectancy
females
1950–1955 628,000 219,000 409,00047.316.530.66.7612350.649.052.3
1955–1960 697,000 203,000 494,00045.413.232.26.7610555.253.556.9
1960–1965 787,000 203,000 584,00044.211.432.86.769257.956.259.7
1965–1970 845,000 206,000 639,00041.110.031.16.188260.058.361.8
1970–1975 800,000 202,000 598,00034.28.725.54.907361.759.663.9
1975–1980 853,000 199,000 654,00032.57.624.94.255764.061.766.3
1980–1985 900,000 191,000 709,00030.76.524.23.704366.863.670.2
1985–1990 904,000 201,000 703,00027.76.221.53.183568.064.571.7
1990–1995 898,000 219,000 679,00025.16.119.02.842868.764.573.0
1995–2000 853,000 223,000 630,00021.95.716.22.502470.366.574.2
2000–2005 842,000 234,000 608,00020.15.614.52.302171.768.075.5
2005–2010 804,000 249,000 555,00018.05.612.42.101972.969.276.7
2010–2015 764,000 273,000 491,00016.25.810.41.931673.970.377.6
2015–2020 729,000 300,000 429,00014.86.18.71.831474.971.478.6
* CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births; TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman)

Births and deaths[8]

Year Population (x1000) Live births Deaths Natural increase Crude birth rate Crude death rate Rate of natural increase TFR
1998 39,184 720,984 175,363 545,621
1999 39,730 746,194 183,553 562,641
2000 40,295 752,834 187,432 565,402
2001 40,813 724,319 191,513 532,806
2002 41,328 700,455 192,262 508,193
2003 41,848 710,702 192,121 518,581
2004 42,368 723,099 188,933 534,166
2005 42,888 719,968 189,022 530,946 2,45
2006 43,405 714,450 192,814 521,636
2007 43,926 709,253 193,936 515,317
2008 44,451 715,453 196,394 519,059
2009 44,978 699,775 196,933 502,842
2010 45,509 654,627 200,524 454,103 2,10
2011 46,044 665,499 195,823 469,676
2012 46,581 676,815 199,756 477,059
2013 47,121 658,835 203,071 455,764
2014 47,661 669,137 210,051 459,086
2015 48,203 658,178 213,526 444,652
2016(p) 311,012 99,735 211,277

(p)=preliminar January–June

Fertility and Births

Total Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and Crude Birth Rate (CBR):[9]

Year CBR (Total) TFR (Total) CBR (Urban) TFR (Urban) CBR (Rural) TFR (Rural)
1981–83 3.65
1986 3,34 (2,81) 2,76 (2,42) 4,88 (3,87)
1990 26.1 2,9 (2,2) 25.7 2,5 (2,1) 27.0 3,8 (2,7)
1995 26 3,0 (2,2) 25 2,5 (1,9) 30 4,3 (2,8)
2000 22.7 2,6 (1,8) 21.6 2,3 (1,7) 25.6 3,8 (2,3)
2005 20.4 2,4 (1,7) 19.0 2,1 (1,5) 24.3 3,4 (2,1)
2010 18 2,1 (1,6) 17 2,0 (1,5) 20 2,8 (1,9)

Total fertility rate by departments

Departament TFR 2010[10]
Amazonas department 3.7
Antioquia 1.8
Arauca department 2.4
Atlántico 2.5
Bolívar department 2.4
Bogotá 1.9
Boyacá 2.3
Caldas 1.6
Caquetá 2.7
Casanare 2.2
Cauca department 2.3
Cesar department 2.8
Chocó 3.3
Córdoba department 2.3
Cundinamarca 2.2
Guainía 3.1
Guaviare 2.3
Huila 2.5
La Guajira 4.1
Magdalena department 3.1
Meta 2.3
Nariño 2.2
Norte de Santander 2.4
Putumayo 2.5
Quindío 1.7
Risaralda 1.7
San Andrés y Providencia 2.1
Santander department 2.1
Sucre department 2.5
Tolima 2.4
Valle del Cauca 1.7
Vaupés 3.8
Vichada 3.3

Ethnic diversity

Ethnic groups in Colombia[11]
Ethnic group percent
Mestizo and White
  
 84.2%
Afro-Colombians (includes Mulatto, Raizal, and Palenquero )
  
 10.4%
Amerindians
  
 3.4%
Roma
  
 0.1%
Unspecified
  
 2.1%

Colombia is ethnically diverse, its people descending from the original native inhabitants, Spanish colonists, Africans originally brought to the country as slaves, and 20th-century immigrants from Europe and the Middle East, all contributing to a diverse cultural heritage.[12] The demographic distribution reflects a pattern that is influenced by colonial history. Whites tend to live mainly in urban centers, like Bogotá, Medellín or Cali, and the burgeoning highland cities. The populations of the major cities also include mestizos. Mestizo campesinos (people living in rural areas) also live in the Andean highlands where some Spanish conquerors mixed with the women of Amerindian chiefdoms. Mestizos include artisans and small tradesmen that have played a major part in the urban expansion of recent decades.[13]

The 2005 census reported that the "non-ethnic population", consisting of whites and mestizos (those of mixed white European and Amerindian ancestry), constituted 86% of the national population. 10.6% is of African ancestry. Indigenous Amerindians comprise 3.4% of the population. 0.01% of the population are Roma. An extraofficial estimate considers that the 49% of the Colombian population is Mestizo or of mixed European and Amerindian ancestry, and that approximately 37% is White, mainly of Spanish lineage, but there is also a large population of Middle East descent; among the upper class there is a considerable input of Italian and German ancestry.[14]

Many of the Indigenous peoples experienced a reduction in population during the Spanish rule[15] and many others were absorbed into the mestizo population, but the remainder currently represents over eighty distinct cultures. Reserves (resguardos) established for indigenous peoples occupy 30,571,640 hectares (305,716.4 km2) (27% of the country's total) and are inhabited by more than 800,000 people.[16] Some of the largest indigenous groups are the Wayuu,[17] the Paez, the Pastos, the Emberá and the Zenú.[18] The departments of La Guajira, Cauca, Nariño, Córdoba and Sucre have the largest indigenous populations.[19]

The Organización Nacional Indígena de Colombia (ONIC), founded at the first National Indigenous Congress in 1982, is an organization representing the indigenous peoples of Colombia. In 1991, Colombia signed and ratified the current international law concerning indigenous peoples, Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989.[20]

Black Africans were brought as slaves, mostly to the coastal lowlands, beginning early in the 16th century and continuing into the 19th century. Large Afro-Colombian communities are found today on the Caribbean and Pacific coasts. The population of the department of Chocó, running along the northern portion of Colombia's Pacific coast, is over 80% black.[21] British and Jamaicans migrated mainly to the islands of San Andres and Providencia. A number of other Europeans and North Americans migrated to the country in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, including people from the former USSR during and after the Second World War.[22][23]

Many immigrant communities have settled on the Caribbean coast, in particular recent immigrants from the Middle East. Barranquilla (the largest city of the Colombian Caribbean) and other Caribbean cities have the largest populations of Lebanese, Palestinian, Phoenician and other Middle Easterners.[24][25] There are also important communities of Chinese, Japanese, Romanis and Jews.[12] There is a major migration trend of Venezuelans, due to the political and economic situation in Venezuela.[26][27]

Languages

Main article: Languages of Colombia

Spanish (of which Colombia has the third-largest population of speakers in the world after Mexico and the United States) is the official language, and there are small communities in urban areas speaking other European languages such as German, French, English, Italian and Portuguese. There are 65 indigenous languages and two Creole languages: one in San Basilio de Palenque and one in San Andrés; and also San Andrés is the only place of Colombia where are three official languages: Spanish, English and a creole language. There are 5,000 speakers of Romani in Colombia.

Religion

Religion in Colombia (2014) - Pew Research Center [28]

  Catholicism (79%)
  Protestantism (13%)
  Unaffiliated (6%)
  Other (2%)

Religion in Colombia - Other studies [29][30]

  Catholicism (70.9%)
  Protestantism (16.7%)
  Atheist or agnostic (4.7%)
  Claim to believe in God but do not follow a specific religion (3.5%)
  Jehovah's Witnesses and Adventism (1.8%)
  Other (0.2%)
  The remaining people either did not respond or replied that they did not know. (2.2%)

The National Administrative Department of Statistics (DANE) does not collect religious statistics, and accurate reports are difficult to obtain. However, based on various studies and a survey, about 90% of the population adheres to Christianity, the majority of which (70.9%) are Roman Catholic, while a significant minority (16.7%) adhere to Protestantism (primarily Evangelicalism). Some 4.7% of the population is atheist or agnostic, while 3.5% claim to believe in God but do not follow a specific religion. 1.8% of Colombians adhere to Jehovah's Witnesses and Adventism and less than 1% adhere to other religions, such as Islam, Judaism, Buddhism, Mormonism, Hinduism, Indigenous religions, Hare Krishna movement, Rastafari movement, Orthodox Catholic Church, and spiritual studies. The remaining people either did not respond or replied that they did not know. In addition to the above statistics, 35.9% of Colombians reported that they did not practice their faith actively.[29][30][28]

While Colombia remains a mostly Roman Catholic country by baptism numbers, the 1991 Colombian constitution guarantees freedom of religion and all religious faiths and churches are equally free before the law.[31]

Migration

Main article: Colombian diaspora

Historically, a sizable percentage of Colombian emigration has also been motivated by the need to escape from political persecution and bipartisan violence during the periods of "La Violencia" (1948–1958), and later due to the effects of the nation's current conflict (since 1964). This has resulted in numerous applications for political asylum abroad.

Colombians have emigrated in comparably high rates to the United States. Other Colombians migrated to Canada and Europe (most to Spain, but also to France and Italy, and the United Kingdom). Among other locations.

Today millions of Colombians have returned to their country due to improvements in security, Colombia is now a country on the road to recovery. Colombia is creating an economy that is today considered attractive and prosperous by many national and international investors. There are policies of the Colombian Government to help Colombians with housing loans. There is a support system for returning migrants. Certificates of competency are issued and there is a free employment service to help people find job.[32][33][34][35]

CIA World Factbook demographic statistics

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.[36]

Population

48,637,910 (May, 2016 est.)

Median age

total: 27.7 years

male: 26.7 years

female: 28.6 years (2010 est.)

Sex ratio

At birth: 1.03 male(s)/female

Under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female

15–64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female

total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2009 est.)

HIV/AIDS – adult prevalence rate

0.7% (2007 est.)

HIV/AIDS – people living with HIV/AIDS

170,000 (2007 est.)

HIV/AIDS – deaths

9,800 (2007 est.)

Nationality

noun: Colombia adjective: Colombian(s)

Literacy

definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 93.4%

male: 93.1%

female: 93.7% (2005 census)

References

  1. ↑ "Animated clock". Colombian State Department. Retrieved 3 September 2015.
  2. ↑ "CIA – The World Factbook – Rank Order – Net migration rate". CIA. Retrieved 2009-02-23.
  3. ↑ https://www.cancilleria.gov.co/sites/default/files/informe-ejecutivo-2013-vinculacion-colombianos-exterior.pdf
  4. ↑ "La historia del censo en Colombia". Caracol. 28 September 2005. Consulted 16 April 2012.
  5. ↑ Tiempo, Casa Editorial El. "En agosto habrá ensayo del censo de población - Indicadores - El Tiempo". Retrieved 7 July 2016.
  6. 1 2 "World Population Prospects - Population Division - United Nations". Retrieved 7 July 2016.
  7. ↑ "United Nations Statistics Division - Demographic and Social Statistics". Retrieved 7 July 2016.
  8. ↑ Administrator. "Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE)". Retrieved 7 July 2016.
  9. ↑ "MEASURE DHS: Demographic and Health Surveys". Retrieved 7 July 2016.
  10. ↑ http://www.profamilia.org.co/encuestas/Profamilia/Profamilia/images/stories/documentos/Principales_indicadores.pdf
  11. ↑ "South America :: COLOMBIA". CIA The World Factbook.
  12. 1 2 "The ethnic and cultural diversity of Colombia" (PDF) (in Spanish). pedagogica.edu.co. Retrieved 26 March 2014.
  13. ↑ Bushnell & Hudson, pp. 87–88.
  14. ↑ Bushnell, David & Rex A. Hudson (2010) "The Society and Its Environment"; Colombia: a country study: pp. 87, 92. Washingtion D.C.: Federal Research Division, Library of Congress.
  15. ↑ "Society and slavery" (in Spanish). colombia.com. Retrieved 9 September 2013.
  16. ↑ "Resguardos indígenas – Concentra el 43% de los bosques naturales" (in Spanish). siac.gov.co. Retrieved 27 March 2014.
  17. ↑ "Hostein, N. (2010). El pueblo wayuu de la Guajira colombo-venezolana: un panorama de su cultura. Cuadernos de Antropología, 20(1).". Retrieved 27 March 2014.
  18. ↑ "Los pueblos indígenas de Colombia en el umbral del nuevo milenio. Población, cultura y territorio: bases para el fortalecimiento social y económico de los pueblos indígenas". dnp.gov.co. Retrieved 27 March 2014.
  19. ↑ "visibilización estadística de los grupos étnicos" (PDF). Censo General 2005. Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadistica (DANE). Retrieved 15 June 2013.
  20. ↑ "Ratifications for Colombia". ilo.org. Retrieved 26 March 2014.
  21. ↑ "Ethnic groups in Colombia" (PDF) (in Spanish). dane.gov.co. Retrieved 26 March 2014.
  22. ↑ Luis Álvaro Gallo Martínez (2011). "Inmigrantes a Colombia: Personajes extranjeros llegados a Colombia" (PDF). rodriguezuribe.co.
  23. ↑ Wabgou, M., Vargas, D. & Carabalí, J. A. (2012). "Las migraciones internacionales en Colombia. Investigación & Desarrollo, 20(1) 142–167.". uninorte.edu.co.
  24. ↑ Vargas Arana, Pilar, and Luz Marina Suaza Vargas. "Los árabes en Colombia: Del rechazo a la integración." (2007).
  25. ↑ "The Arab immigration to Colombia" (in Spanish). nodo50.org. Retrieved 30 January 2014.
  26. ↑ Echeverry Hernández. "Análisis de la migración venezolana a Colombia durante el gobierno de Hugo Chávez (1999–2011). Identificación de capital social y compensación económica" (in Spanish). Revista Análisis Internacional – Revistas.utadeo.edu.co. Retrieved 28 March 2014.
  27. ↑ Llegaron los venezolanos. Semana.com. Retrieved 4 June 2011.
  28. 1 2 "Religion in Latin America, Widespread Change in a Historically Catholic Region". pewforum.org. Pew Research Center. 13 November 2014.
  29. 1 2 Beltrán Cely; William Mauricio (2013). "Del monopolio católico a la explosión pentecostal'" (PDF) (in Spanish). Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas, Centro de Estudios Sociales (CES), Maestría en Sociología. ISBN 978-958-761-465-7.
  30. 1 2 Beltrán Cely; William Mauricio. "Descripción cuantitativa de la pluralización religiosa en Colombia" (PDF). Universitas humanística 73 (2012): 201–238. – bdigital.unal.edu.co.
  31. ↑ Colombian Constitution of 1991 (Title II – Concerning rights, guarantees, and duties – Chapter I – Concerning fundamental rights – Article 19)
  32. ↑ "Can Young People Rebuild Colombia's Social Capital?". theglobalist.com. Retrieved 9 July 2013.
  33. ↑ "Opportunities for Colombians who are returning to the country" (in Spanish). conexioncolombia.com. Retrieved 9 July 2013.
  34. ↑ "Colombia provides opportunities for the development of its citizens in the country" (in Spanish). conexioncolombia.com. Retrieved 9 July 2013.
  35. ↑ "Entrepreneurship and employment programme for those who return to the country" (in Spanish). elempleo.com. Retrieved 9 July 2013.
  36. ↑ "The World Factbook". Retrieved 7 July 2016.

External links

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