Big-character poster

A modern dàzìbào-style slogan on a Chinese factory.

Big-character posters (simplified Chinese: 大字报; traditional Chinese: 大字報; pinyin: dàzìbào; Wade–Giles: ta⁴-tzu⁴-pao⁴; literally: "big-character reports") are handwritten, wall-mounted posters using large-sized Chinese characters, used as a means of protest, propaganda, and popular communication. They have been used in China since imperial times, but became more common when literacy rates rose after the Xinhai Revolution. They have also incorporated limited-circulation newspapers, excerpted press articles, and pamphlets intended for public display.

A key trigger in the Cultural Revolution was the publication of a dàzìbào on May 25, 1966, by Nie Yuanzi (聂元梓/聶元梓) and others at Peking University, claiming that the university was controlled by bourgeois anti-revolutionaries. The poster came to the attention of Mao Zedong, who had it broadcast nationally and published in the People's Daily. Dazibao became a crucial tool in Mao's struggle during the Cultural Revolution, and Mao himself wrote his own dazibao at Beijing University on August 5, 1966, calling on the people to "Bombard the Headquarters".^[1] Big-character posters were soon ubiquitous, used for everything from sophisticated debate to satirical entertainment to rabid denunciation; being attacked in a big-character poster was enough to end one's career. One of the "four great rights" in the 1975 state constitution was the right to write dàzìbào.

Big-character posters sprouted again during the Democracy Wall Movement, starting in 1978; one of the most famous was The Fifth Modernization, whose bold call for democracy brought instant fame to its author, Wei Jingsheng.

References

↑ Lincoln Cushing; Ann Tompkins (2007). Chinese Posters: Art from the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution. Chronicle Books. p. 5. ISBN 978-0811859462.

Marxist phraseology and terminology

Philosophy and politics (Marxist)	Base and superstructure Bourgeoisie Bourgeois democracy Bourgeois nationalism Bourgeois socialism Capitalist mode of production Class struggle Commodification Socialist mode of production Pure communism Dictatorship of the proletariat Imperialism Liquidationism Lumpenproletariat Means of labor Metabolic rift Petite bourgeoisie Primitive accumulation of capital Proletarian internationalism Proletarian revolution Revolutionary spontaneity Revolutionary wave Scientific socialism Super-imperialism Historical materialism Theoretician Two Stage Theory Wage slavery Workers Council Workers Control World revolution Dialectics

Economics and sociology (Marxian)	Capital Accumulation of capital Capitalist mode of production Crisis of capitalism Commodity Commodity production Dominant ideology Free association Materialism Means of production Mode of production Productive forces Relations of production Worker Cooperative Law of value Surplus value Use-value Exchange value Value Socially necessary labour time Socialization Production for use Socialist mode of production Ruling class Simple commodity production Commanding heights of the economy

Marxist-Leninist	Cadre Central Committee Democratic centralism Dual power Enemy of the people Foco General line of the party National liberation New class Politburo Political rehabilitation Popular front Revolutionary terror United front Vanguardism Social fascism Socialist accumulation Real socialism Revisionism Soviet democracy Socialism in one country Social imperialism People's democracy

Trotskyist	Deformed workers' state Degenerated workers' state Social revolution New class Permanent revolution Bureaucratic collectivism

Maoist	Marxism–Leninism–Maoism Antagonistic contradiction Capitalist roader Four Olds Mass line New Democracy People's war Revolutionary base area Struggle session Third Worldism

The Cultural Revolution

Major events	Socialist Education Movement Lushan Conference Down to the Countryside Movement February Countercurrent Wuhan Incident 9th Party Congress Project 571 10th Party Congress Criticize Lin, Criticize Confucius Counterattack the Right-Deviationist Reversal-of-Verdicts Trend Tiananmen Incident 3rd Plenum of the 11th Central Committee

Key figures	Mao Zedong Liu Shaoqi Zhou Enlai Lin Biao Deng Xiaoping Gang of Four (Jiang Qing Zhang Chunqiao Yao Wenyuan Wang Hongwen) Peng Dehuai Wu Han Peng Zhen Tao Zhu Chen Boda Wang Dongxing Xie Fuzhi Ji Dengkui Wang Li Qi Benyu Wu Faxian Qiu Huizuo Yang Chengwu Chen Zaidao Kang Sheng Mao Yuanxin Hua Guofeng Ye Jianying

Documents	Bombard the Headquarters Quotations from Chairman Mao Hai Rui Dismissed from Office

Concepts	Four Olds Struggle session Feudal fascism Two Whatevers Big-character poster One Divides Into Two Democracy Wall Eight model plays Capitalist roader Learn from Daqing in industry Learn from Dazhai in agriculture Scar literature

Groups	Red Guards Five Man Group Cultural Revolution Group Central Case Examination Group Central Organization and Propaganda Leading Group Revolutionary committee Shanghai People's Commune 8341 Special Regiment Sent-down youth Old Three Classes 61 Renegades Barefoot doctor Stinking Old Ninth Five Black Categories Five Red Categories Worker-Peasant-Soldier student May Seventh Cadre School

Related topics	Maoism Great Leap Forward Class struggle Sino-Soviet split Ultra-Leftism Peaceful Evolution theory

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Big-character poster

See also

References