Dates of establishment of diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China
Main article: Foreign relations of the People's Republic of China
Since its founding in 1949, the People's Republic of China (PRC) has had a diplomatic tug-of-war with its rival in Taiwan, the Republic of China (ROC). Throughout the Cold War, both governments claimed to be the sole legitimate government of all China and allowed countries to recognize either one or the other. Until the 1970s, most Western countries recognized the ROC while the communist bloc and third world countries generally recognized the PRC. This gradually shifted and today only 21 states recognize the ROC while the PRC is recognized by the United Nations and the majority (173) of sovereign states around the world and Palestine. Both the ROC and the PRC maintain the requirement of recognizing its view of the One-China policy to establish or maintain diplomatic relations.
Countries of the world indicating decade diplomatic relations commenced with the PRC: 1949/1950s (dark red), 1960s (red), 1970s (orange), 1980s (beige) and 1990s/2000s (yellow). Countries not recognised by or not recognising the PRC are in grey. The PRC itself is in black.
Recognition of the PRC before it was seated at the UN
1949
The PRC was established on 1 October 1949, when the Chinese Civil War was still underway, and the seat of Government of the Republic of China was not relocated to Taipei until December 1949. All the countries that recognized the new PRC government in 1949 were communist states.
| Country | Date |
|---|---|
| Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (now Russian Federation)[1] | 2 October 1949 |
| People's Republic of Bulgaria (now Republic of Bulgaria) | 4 October 1949 |
| Romanian People's Republic (now Romania) | 5 October 1949 |
| Hungarian People's Republic (now Hungary) | 6 October 1949 |
| Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) | 6 October 1949 |
| Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (now Czech Republic)[2] | 6 October 1949 |
| Polish People's Republic (now Republic of Poland) | 7 October 1949 |
| Mongolian People's Republic (now Mongolia) | 16 October 1949 |
| German Democratic Republic (East Germany)[3] | 27 October 1949 |
| People's Republic of Albania (now Republic of Albania) | 23 November 1949 |
1950s
1960s
| Country | Date |
|---|---|
| Republic of Ghana[8] | 5 July 1960 |
| Republic of Cuba | 28 September 1960 |
| Republic of Mali[8] | 25 October 1960 |
| Somali Republic[8] (now Federal Republic of Somalia) | 14 December 1960 |
| Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville)[10] (now Democratic Republic of the Congo) | 20 February 1961 |
| Kingdom of Laos (now Lao People's Democratic Republic) | 25 April 1961 |
| Republic of Tanganyika[8][11] | 9 December 1961 |
| Republic of Uganda[8] | 18 October 1962 |
| Sultanate of Zanzibar[8][12] | 11 December 1963 |
| Republic of Kenya[8] | 14 December 1963 |
| Kingdom of Burundi[13] | 21 December 1963 |
| Tunisian Republic[8] | 10 January 1964 |
| French Republic | 27 January 1964 |
| Republic of the Congo (Brazzaville)[8] | 22 February 1964 |
| Central African Republic[14] | 29 September 1964 |
| Republic of Zambia[8] | 29 October 1964 |
| Republic of Dahomey (now Republic of Benin)[15] | 12 November 1964 |
| Islamic Republic of Mauritania[8] | 19 July 1965 |
| People's Democratic Republic of Yemen[9] (South Yemen) | 31 January 1968 |
1970s
| Country | Date |
|---|---|
| Canada | 13 October 1970 |
| Republic of Equatorial Guinea[8] | 15 October 1970 |
| Italian Republic | 6 November 1970 |
| Ethiopian Empire (now Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia)[8] | 24 November 1970 |
| Republic of Chile | 15 December 1970 |
| Federal Republic of Nigeria[8] | 10 February 1971 |
| State of Kuwait | 22 March 1971 |
| Republic of Cameroon[8] | 26 March 1971 |
| Republic of San Marino[16] | 6 May 1971 |
| Republic of Austria | 28 May 1971 |
| Republic of Sierra Leone[8] | 29 July 1971 |
| Republic of Turkey | 4 August 1971 |
| Imperial State of Iran (now Islamic Republic of Iran) | 16 August 1971 |
Recognition of the PRC after it was seated at the UN
The Republic of China, which had occupied China's seat at the United Nations since 1945, was effectively expelled on 25 October 1971. Its seat was taken over by the People's Republic of China, and the migration of relations to the PRC soon followed among members of the Western Bloc, except for the United Kingdom, France, Canada, and Italy, which had previously established diplomatic relations.
1970s
1980s
| Country | Date |
|---|---|
| Republic of Ecuador | 2 January 1980 |
| Republic of Colombia | 7 February 1980 |
| Republic of Zimbabwe[8] | 18 April 1980 |
| Republic of Kiribati [25] | 25 June 1980 |
| Republic of Vanuatu | 26 March 1982 |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 1 January 1983 |
| People's Republic of Angola (now Republic of Angola)[8] | 12 January 1983 |
| Republic of Côte d'Ivoire[8] | 2 March 1983 |
| Kingdom of Lesotho[26] | 30 April 1983 |
| United Arab Emirates | 1 November 1984 |
| Republic of Bolivia | 9 July 1985 |
| Grenada [27] | 1 October 1985 |
| Republic of Nicaragua [28] | 7 December 1985 |
| Belize [29] | 6 February 1987 |
| Eastern Republic of Uruguay | 3 February 1988 |
| State of Qatar | 9 July 1988 |
| State of Palestine | 20 November 1988 |
| State of Bahrain (now Kingdom of Bahrain) | 18 April 1989 |
| Federated States of Micronesia | 11 September 1989 |
1990s
2000s
| Country | Date |
|---|---|
| Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste | 20 May 2002 |
| Republic of Nauru [33] | 21 July 2002 |
| Commonwealth of Dominica | 31 March 2004 |
| Republic of Montenegro | 6 July 2006 |
| Republic of Costa Rica | 1 June 2007 |
| Niue | 12 December 2007 |
| Republic of Malawi | 28 December 2007 |
2010s
| Country | Date |
|---|---|
| Republic of South Sudan | 9 July 2011 |
See also
- PRC
- ROC
- Foreign relations of the Republic of China
- Timeline of diplomatic relations of the Republic of China
Notes and references
- ↑ Succeeded by Russia
- ↑ Succeeded by the Czech Republic. Diplomatic relations with the |Slovak Republic were established on 1 January 1993, mutually agreed to trace the date of establishment of diplomatic relations back to 6 October 1949.</
- ↑ Succeeded by the Federal Republic of Germany on 3 October 1990.
- 1 2 3 On 6 January 1950, the United Kingdom recognized the PRC and requested the exchange of ambassadors, but this was refused. The UK and The Netherlands established diplomatic relations at chargé d'affaires level with the PRC on 17 June 1954 and 19 November 1954 respectively. The PRC government does not regard the semi-diplomatic relations at chargé d'affaires level as formal diplomatic ties. The UK does. The PRC consented to the exchange of ambassadors with the UK on 13 March 1972 and with The Netherlands on 18 May 1972. See Sino-British relations for further details.
- ↑ "Britain Recognizes Chinese Communists: Note delivered in Peking". The Times. London. 7 January 1950. p. 6. ISSN 0140-0460.
- ↑ Bilateral relations between Switzerland and China (page visited on 19 August 2014).
- 1 2 Serbia attempted to succeed but all other former Yugoslav Republics deferred the attempt, and no consensus was reached in the first period. The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia est. 1992-02-28 was not granted successorship and was placed under international sanctions. In 2001 an Agreement on Succession Issues was signed and reached validity in 2004, by the provisions of that Agreement FRY is not the successor of SFRY. Serbia and Montenegro succeeded the United Nations seat of the FRY (joined the UN as a new member on 2000-11-01) "Succession" of recognition by Serbia, successor state of Serbia and Montenegro is due to international law inadmissible. Arbitration Commission of the Peace Conference on the former Yugoslavia Opinion No. 10 (Federal Republic of Yugoslavia - Serbia and Montenegro). In this decision, the Commission ruled that the FRY (Serbia and Montenegro) could not legally be considered a continuation of the former SFRY, but was rather a new state. Thus the European Community (and the UN) should not automatically recognize the FRY, but apply to it the same criteria applied to the recognition of the other post-SFRY states.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 "Diplomatic Ties Between China and African Countries". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China. Retrieved 22 March 2015.
- 1 2 Succeeded by the Republic of Yemen. Date of establishment of diplomatic relations was set back to 24 September 1956.
- ↑ "Bilateral Relations between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Congo (Kin)". Note also that the Kinshasa-side's state was officially named "Republic of Congo" at the time.
- ↑ Tanganyika merged with Zanzibar from 26 April 1964.
- ↑ Zanzibar merged into mainland Tanganyika on 26 April 1964.
- ↑ Diplomatic relations were restored on 13 October 1971 after Burundi unilaterally severed relations on 29 January 1965.
- ↑ Diplomatic relations were restored on 29 January 1998. CAR resumed diplomatic ties with the ROC on 8 July 1991.
- ↑ Diplomatic relations were restored on 29 December 1972. Benin resumed diplomatic ties with the ROC in April 1966.
- ↑ Diplomatic relations were raised to ambassadorial level on 15 July 1991.
- ↑ Senegal resumed diplomatic relations with the ROC on 6 January 1996. Ties with the PRC were severed from 9 January 1996, until 25 October 2005, when ties were resumed.
- ↑ Diplomatic relations were restored on 6 August 2006. Diplomatic relations were severed on 15 August 1997 after Chad resumed diplomatic ties with the ROC on 12 August 1997.
- ↑ Diplomatic relations were severed on 4 February 1994. Burkina Faso resumed diplomatic ties with the ROC on 2 February 1994.
- ↑ Diplomatic relations were restored on 13 April 1998. Guinea Bissau recognized the ROC on 26 May 1990.
- ↑ Diplomatic relations were restored on 19 August 1996. PRC suspended diplomatic relations on 19 July 1992 after Niger resumed ties with the ROC on 30 June 1992.
- ↑ Diplomatic relations were restored on 17 March 2016. Diplomatic relations were severed by PRC on 25 July 1995. Gambia resumed diplomatic ties with the ROC on 13 July 1995.
- ↑ São Tomé and Príncipe established diplomatic relations with the ROC on 6 May 1997. The PRC suspended diplomatic relations on the same day.
- ↑ Diplomatic relations were restored on 10 August 1993. Liberia resumed diplomatic ties with the ROC on 9 October 1989. Diplomatic relations with the PRC has been severed since 9 September 1997 because the Liberian Government's recognition of a "Two Chinas" Policy. However, the PRC and Liberia normalized their relations on 11 October 2003.
- ↑ Diplomatic relations were severed on 29 November 2003. Kiribati recognized the ROC on 7 November 2003.
- ↑ Diplomatic relations were restored on 12 January 1994. Lesotho resumed diplomatic ties with the ROC on 5 April 1990.
- ↑ Diplomatic relations were restored on 20 January 2005. Grenada recognized the ROC on 19 July 1989.
- ↑ Diplomatic relations were severed on 9 November 1990. Nicaragua resumed diplomatic ties with the ROC on 6 November 1990.
- ↑ Diplomatic relations were severed on 23 October 1989. Belize recognized the ROC on 11 October 1989.
- ↑ Diplomatic relations were severed on 11 December 1998. Marshall Islands recognized the ROC on 20 November 1998.
- ↑ Diplomatic relations were raised to ambassadorial level on 6 February 2006.
- ↑ Diplomatic relations were severed on 5 May 2007. St. Lucia resumed diplomatic ties with the ROC on 30 April 2007.
- ↑ Diplomatic relations were severed on 31 May 2005. Nauru resumed diplomatic ties with the ROC on 14 May 2005.
External links
- Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China (English Version)
- Library of Congress. A Country Study: China
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