Curtain Theatre

For the Glasgow theatre company of the 1930s, see Curtain Theatre (Glasgow).
Curtain Theatre

Curtain Theatre circa 1600 (cylindrical building in the background). Some authorities believe this to be a depiction of The Theatre, the other Elizabethan theatre in Shoreditch
Address 18 Hewett Street
London
England
Years active 1577–1622?
The Curtain Theatre is labelled in the top right of this London street map. Enlarge

The Curtain Theatre was an Elizabethan playhouse located in Hewett Street, Shoreditch (part of the modern London Borough of Hackney), just outside the City of London. It opened in 1577, and continued staging plays until 1624.[1]

The Curtain was built some 200 yards south of London's first playhouse, The Theatre, which had opened a year before, in 1576. It was called the "Curtain" because it was located near a plot of land called Curtain Close, not because of the sort of front curtain associated with modern theatres, but of its proximity of the City walls, curtain or curtain wall referring to the part of city walls between two bastions.[2] Its remains were rediscovered in archaeological excavation in 2012.

History

The Curtain Theatre was built in 1577 in Shoreditch, and was London's second playhouse. Little is known of the companies that performed there, or of the plays they performed. The first clear mention of the Curtain is in 1584, when the City of London petitioned the parish of Shoreditch to shut down their playhouses.[3]:63 The proprietor appears to have been Henry Lanman, described as a "gentleman": in 1585, Lanman made an agreement with the proprietor of the Theatre, James Burbage, to use the Curtain as a supplementary house, or "easer," to the more prestigious older playhouse. From 1597 to 1599, it became the premier venue of Shakespeare's Company, the Lord Chamberlain's Men, who had been forced to leave their former playing space at The Theatre after the latter closed in 1596. It was the venue of several of Shakespeare's plays, including Romeo and Juliet (which gained "Curtain plaudits") and Henry V. In this latter play the somewhat undistinguished Curtain gains immortal fame by being described by Shakespeare as "this wooden O". The Lord Chamberlain's Men also performed Ben Jonson's Every Man in His Humour here in 1598, with Shakespeare in the cast.[4] Later that same year Jonson gained a certain notoriety by killing actor Gabriel Spencer in a duel in nearby Hoxton Fields.

The Lord Chamberlain's Men departed the Curtain when the Globe Theatre, which they built to replace the Theatre, was ready for use in 1599.[5] For seven years Henry Lanman (owner of the Curtain) had an agreement with James Burbage (owner of the Theatre) that all profit would be shared between them. This deal is how many believe Lanman was able to afford to open the Curtain, the rest is all very unclear. J. Leeds Barroll focuses in Shakespeare studies: An annual gathering of Research, Criticism and Reviews on the fact that Henry Lanman had offered the Curtain as an easer to James Burbage, proprietor of the Theatre. Thereby, he assumes that Lanman’s business, the Curtain, must have been doing as well as Burbage’s business, the Theatre, since both, Lanman and Burbage, had agreed on a pooling arrangement for seven years in 1585, to pool profits. As far as is known, Lanman ran the Curtain as a private concern for the first phase of its existence; He died in 1606[6] and it is assumed by Edmund Chambers that the theatre had been re-arranged into a shareholder’s enterprise before his death at some point. Thomas Pope, one of the Lord Chamberlain's Men, owned a share in the Curtain and left it to his heirs in his last will and testament in 1603. King's Men member John Underwood did the same in 1624.[3]:63[7] The fact that both of these shareholders belonged to Shakespeare's company may indicate that the re-organization of the Curtain occurred when the Lord Chamberlain's Men were acting there. Otherwise, it would be very unwise of Burbage to pool profits if he did better in the first place. Thus, the suggestion is given that both proprietors were doing equal business. Burbage's father Richard had shares in the theatre at the time of his death.[8]:144

Curtain Theatre during excavation in 2016.
Curtain Theatre during excavation in 2016.

The London theatres, including the Curtain, were closed for much of the period from September 1592 to April 1594 due to the bubonic plague according to Alchin in his complete works on Shakespeare. In 1597, people wrote to the local magistrates' court demanding that no plays take place at the Curtain or the Theatre that year.[8]:37 The Curtain was named in John Stow's Survey of London in 1598, but was not listed in the 1603 edition.[9] In 1600, the Privy Council tried unsuccessfully to shut down the Curtain theatre,[3] and in 1603, the Curtain became the playhouse of Queen Anne's Men (formerly known as Worcester's Men, and formerly at the Rose Theatre, where they'd played Heywood's A Woman Kill'd With Kindness in February of that year).[3]:64 In 1607, The Travels of the Three English Brothers, by Rowley, Day, and Wilkins, was performed at the Curtain.

The Curtain was in use from 1577 until at least 1624, after which its ultimate fate is obscure as there is no record of it after 1627. The reasons for its closure are not known.

Site and rediscovery

The Curtain was believed to have been built near The Theatre, but the exact location was for many years unknown.[10][11] However, a commemorative plaque was erected at 18 Hewett Street.[3]:62[12]

In 2012, archaeologists from MOLA announced that they had discovered the remains of the theatre during trial excavations.[13][14] In 2013 plans were submitted to develop the site with a 40-storey tower of 400 apartments plus Shakespeare museum, 250-seat outdoor auditorium and park, with the archaeological remains visible in a glass enclosure.[15][16] Completion of the project is expected in 2019.

In May 2016, excavators announced that the theatre was not round, but rectangular, fitting into the space between existing structures along the city wall. The galleries were straight.[17]

The Curtain Theatre features in the 1998 film Shakespeare in Love.[18]

Notes

  1. ↑ N. W. Bawcutt, The Control and Censorship of Caroline Drama: The Records of Sir Henry Herbert, Master of the Revels, 1623-1673, Oxford, 1996, p. 141, 150.
  2. ↑ Joseph Quincy Adams, Shakespearean Playhouses, Boston, 1917, p. 76
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 Bowsher, Julian (July 2012). Shakespeare's London Theatreland: Archaeology, History and Drama. Museum of London Archaeology. ISBN 9781907586125.
  4. ↑ E.K. Chambers, The Elizabethan Stage volume III, Oxford, 1923, p. 359
  5. ↑ Stern, Tiffany (February 2004). Making Shakespeare: From Stage to Page. Routledge. p. 15. ISBN 978-0415319652. Retrieved 7 May 2016.
  6. ↑ William Ingram, The Business of Playing: The Beginnings of the Adult Professional Theater in Elizabethan London, Cornell University Press, 1992, p. 222
  7. ↑ Chambers, Vol. 2, p. 403.
  8. 1 2 Collier, John Payne (2012). The works of William Shakespeare. General Books. ISBN 9780217290210. Retrieved 7 May 2016.
  9. ↑ Smith, David L.; Strier, Richard; Bevington, David (2002). The Theatrical City: Culture, Theatre and Politics in London, 1576-1649. Cambridge University Press. p. 50. ISBN 0521526159.
  10. ↑ "The Curtain". Shakespeare Online. Retrieved 7 May 2016.
  11. ↑ "Curtain Elizabethan Theatre". Elizabethan Era Online. Retrieved 7 May 2016.
  12. ↑ "The Curtain Theatre". London Borough of Hackney. 28 Feb 2007. Retrieved 2010-06-10.
  13. ↑ "Remains of Shakespeare's Curtain Theatre discovered in Shoreditch" (Press release). Museum of London Archaeology. 6 June 2012. Retrieved 7 June 2012.
  14. ↑ Kennedy, Maev (5 June 2012). "Shakespeare's Curtain theatre unearthed in east London". The Guardian. Retrieved 6 June 2012.
  15. ↑ "Curtain lifts on open-air stage at Shakespeare theatre site in Shoreditch". Evening Standard. 24 January 2013. Retrieved 5 July 2013.
  16. ↑ "The Stage, Shoreditch". The Stage, Shoreditch. 12 April 2016. Retrieved 12 April 2016.
  17. ↑ http://www.npr.org/2016/05/21/478962867/archaeologists-find-early-shakespeare-theater-was-rectangular
  18. ↑ Shakespeare in Love (1998) at the Internet Movie Database

References

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Coordinates: 51°31′23″N 0°4′47″W / 51.52306°N 0.07972°W / 51.52306; -0.07972

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