List of monuments and memorials of the Confederate States of America
This is a list of Confederate monuments and memorials dedicated to the memory of those who served and died in service to the Confederate States during the American Civil War.
Many Confederate monuments were erected in the former Confederate states and border states in the decades following the Civil War, in many instances by the United Daughters of the Confederacy, Ladies Memorial Associations, and other memorial organizations.[1][2][3][4][5] Other Confederate monuments are located on Civil War battlefields.[1]
New Confederate monuments continue to be proposed, and some have been built in recent years. In Arizona, a Sons of Confederate Veterans camp erected a Confederate monument in Phoenix in 1999[6] and Confederate heritage groups dedicated a Confederate memorial in Sierra Vista in 2010.[7] The Delaware Confederate Monument was unveiled in 2007 in Georgetown, Delaware.[8] In South Carolina in 2010, the Sons of Confederate Veterans have sought to erect a monument to mark the 150th anniversary of the passage of the Ordinance of Secession in December 1860, but the cities of Charleston and North Charleston have refused them permission.[9][10]
Many Confederate monuments are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[11] " Confederate monuments are listed here alphabetically by state, and by city within each state:
Alabama
- Confederate Memorial Monument, also known as the "Monument to Confederate Soldiers and Sailors", on the grounds of the Alabama State Capitol, Montgomery, Alabama.[12] Former CSA President Jefferson Davis laid the cornerstone in 1886, but it was not completed until 1898. Funding for the monument included $20,000 in the form of two grants from the state legislature, $10,000 contributed by the Ladies Memorial Association of Alabama, $6,755 from the Historical and Monumental Association of Alabama that was formed in 1865 to support the erection of this monument, and $5,000 from politicians.[13] Gorda Doud designed the monument, the statues were created by Alexander Doyle.[14]
Arizona
- Arizona Confederate Veterans Monument in Greenwood Memory Lawn Cemetery in Phoenix, erected in 1999 by the Sons of Confederate Veterans[6]
- Arizona Confederate Veterans Monument in Wesley Bolen Park, next to the Arizona State Capitol in Phoenix, erected by the United Daughters of the Confederacy[6]
- Confederate Memorial in the Historical Soldiers Memorial Cemetery area of the Southern Arizona Veterans' Cemetery in Sierra Vista. The monument was erected in 2010 to honor soldiers interred in that cemetery who served in the Confederate Army during the Civil War and later fought in Indian wars in Arizona as members of the U.S. Army.[7]
Arkansas
- Arkadelphia Confederate Monument, Arkadelphia, Arkansas, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Clark County, Arkansas
- Arkansas State Capitol Confederate Memorials, Little Rock
- Batesville Confederate Monument, Batesville, Arkansas, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Independence County, Arkansas
- Bentonville Confederate Monument, Bentonville, Arkansas, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Benton County, Arkansas
- Blytheville Confederate War Memorial, Blytheville
- Boone County Confederate Veterans Memorial, on the grounds of the Boone County Courthouse in Harrison
- Camden Confederate Monument, Camden, Arkansas, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Ouachita County, Arkansas
- Clarendon Confederate Memorial, Clarendon
- Clarksville Confederate Monument, Clarksville, Arkansas, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Johnson County, Arkansas
- Confederate Veterans' Memorial, Benton
- Conway Confederate Monument, Conway, Arkansas, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Faulkner County, Arkansas
- Dardanelle Confederate Monument, Dardanelle, Arkansas, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Yell County, Arkansas
- El Dorado Confederate Monument, El Dorado, Arkansas, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Union County, Arkansas
- Ft. Smith Confederate Monument, Ft. Smith, Arkansas, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Sebastian County, Arkansas
- Hot Springs Confederate Monument, Hot Springs, Arkansas, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Garland County, Arkansas
- Lake Village Confederate Monument, Lake Village, Arkansas, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Chicot County, Arkansas
- Little Rock National Cemetery Confederate Memorial
- Lonoke Confederate Monument, Lonoke, Arkansas, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Lonoke County, Arkansas
- Monticello Confederate Monument, Monticello, Arkansas, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Drew County, Arkansas
- Jackson County Confederate Memorial, Jacksonport
- Jackson Guards Memorial, Newport, Arkansas, built in 1914. Monument consists of a statue of a single Confederate soldier and a roster of the men who served in the Jackson Guards and the slaves who supported them. The only Confederate monument in Arkansas built entirely with funds raised by private subscription.[15]
- Old State House Confederate Memorial, Little Rock
- Pine Bluff Confederate Monument, Pine Bluff, Arkansas, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Jefferson County, Arkansas
- Prescott Confederate War Memorial, Prescott
- Searcy Confederate Monument, Searcy, Arkansas. Erected in 1917 on the grounds of the White County courhouse. Listed on the National Register of Historic Places in White County, Arkansas. Consists of a statue of a Confederate soldier.[15]
- Star City Confederate Memorial, Star City, Arkansas. Erected in 1926 in the courthouse grounds, moved in 1943 and moved again to original position on town square in the 1990s. Listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Lincoln County, Arkansas. Consists of a statue of a Confederate soldier.[15]
- Southern Soldiers Memorial, Little Rock
- Texarkana Confederate Monument, Texarkana
- Van Buren Confederate Monument, Van Buren, Arkansas, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Crawford County, Arkansas
- Washington Confederate Monument, Washington, Arkansas, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Hempstead County, Arkansas
Individual monuments and memorials
- Bayou Meto Hornets, Jacksonville
- Captain Richard Tunball Banks Monument, New Edinburg
- Children of the Confederacy, Little Rock
- Confederate Bench, Little Rock
- Confederate Headquarters, Little Rock
- Confederate Last Stand, Little Rock
- Confederate Mothers Memorial Park, Russellville
- David O. Dodd Execution Site, Little Rock
- David O. Dodd Memorial, Little Rock
- David O. Dodd Memorial, Pine Bluff
- General John Porter McCown Monument, Magnolia
- General Robert E. Lee Monument, Marianna
- General Thomas J. Churchill Memorial, Little Rock
- General William Read Scurry Memorial, Little Rock
- Jefferson Davis Memorial, Fort Smith
- John Sappington Marmaduke, Marmaduke
- Monument to Confederate Women (or "Mother of the South"), Arkansas State Capitol grounds, Little Rock, Arkansas. Unveiled in 1913. Statue depicts a mother and daughter saying good-bye to their 16-year-old son and brother who is leaving to join his father in the fighting.[15]
- Record Cave, Dover
Other
- Confederate Masonic Memorial, Washington
- Confederate State Capital, Bathhouse Row in Hot Springs
- CSS Pontchartrain, Little Rock
- Loss of the Sultana, Marion
- Sinking of the Sultana, Marion
Delaware
- Delaware Confederate Monument, Georgetown, Delaware, unveiled in 2007[8]
Florida
- Confederate Monument, Bradenton, unveiled June 3, 1927[16]
- Confederate Monument Brooksville, unveiled June 3, 1916[17]
- Florida's Last Confederate Veteran Memorial, Crestview, City Park, unveiled January 18, 1958[18]
- Confederate Sun Dial Monument, Daytona Beach, unveiled April 26, 1961[19]
- Confederate Boulder Monument, Daytona Beach, unveiled April 22, 1979[20]
- Florida's First Confederate Monument, Defuniak Springs, unveiled 1871 and nearby historic marker[21]
- Confederate Veterans of Florida Monument, Ellenton, unveiled October 10, 1937[22]
- Lee Bust Memorial, Fort Myers The bust was commissioned from Italian sculptor Aldo Pero for $6,000 by the Laetitia Ashmore Nutt Chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy, chapter 1447 and dedicated on January 19, 1966.[23]
- Confederate Monument, Gainesville, Courthouse lawn, unveiled January 19, 1904[24]
- Confederate Monument, Jacksonville, downtown Hemming Park, unveiled June 16, 1898[25]
- Florida's Tribute to the Women of the Confederacy, Jacksonville, dedicated October 26, 1915. The sculptor was Allen George Newman.[26]
- General Joseph Finnegan Grave Monument, Jacksonville, Old City Cemetery[27]
- Yellow Fort Bluff Monument, Yellow Bluff Fort Historic State Park, Jacksonville, unveiled March 5, 1951
- Confederate soldier statue in Munn Park in downtown Lakeland, created by the McNeel Marble Works dedicated June 3, 1910[28]
- Confederate Monument, City Park, Madison, dedicated June 3, 1909[29]
- Confederate Monument, Marianna, Jackson County Courthouse lawn, unveiled November 30, 1881[30]
- Battle of Marianna Monument, Marianna, Jackson County Courthouse lawn, unveiled November 2, 1924[31]
- Confederate Monument, Miami, Old City Cemetery, unveiled June 3, 1914[32]
- Confederate Monument, Monticello, unveiled June 3, 1899[33]
- Confederate Monument, Ocala, front of courthouse, unveiled April 25, 1908[34]
- Battlefield Monument, Olustee Battlefield Historic State Park, Olustee, dedicated October 23, 1912
- General Joseph Finnegan Monument, Olustee Battlefield Historic State Park, Olustee, unveiled 1912
- Confederate Monument, Palatka, unveiled April 26, 1925[35]
- Our Confederate Dead, Pensacola, dedicated June 17, 1891[36]
- Grave of Stephen Mallory, St. Michael's Cemetery, Pensacola
- Battle of Natural Bridge Monument, Woodville, unveiled April 26, 1922[37]
Georgia
- Confederate Memorial Park in Albany.
- Augusta Confederate Monument in downtown Augusta; was commissioned by the Ladies Memorial Association in 1875 at a cost of $17,331.35. The monument, which stands approximately seventy-six feet tall, is made of granite and pure Italian marble. The base of the monument features four statues of notable Civil War generals Thomas R. R. Cobb, Stonewall Jackson, Robert E. Lee, and William Henry Talbot…. The Confederate Soldiers' Monument was dedicated on October 31, 1878 before a crowd of ten thousand.[38][39]
- Confederate Monument at St. James United Methodist Church in downtown Augusta, Georgia; located in the median of the 400 block of Greene Street. Inscriptions on three sides of the monument list the names 285 Augustans, including the 24 St. James members, who were killed in the war. The primary inscription on the fourth side reads: THESE MEN DIED IN DEFENSE OF THE PRINCIPLES OF THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE.[40]
- Confederate memorial, Baxley
- Confederate memorial, Butler
- Confederate memorial at the Bartow County Courthouse in Cartersville
- Confederate memorial, Crawfordville
- Confederate memorial, Dublin
- Confederate memorial, Eastman
- Confederate Sons of America memorial (Confederate States of America?), Hawkinsville
- Jefferson Davis Memorial Historic Site, Irwin County
- Confederate memorial, Douglas, corner of Peterson Avenue (U.S. Route 441 southbound) and Ward Street (U.S. Route 221 Business westbound)
- Immortal Six Hundred at Fort Pulaski National Monument
- Confederate memorial, Greensboro
- Confederate memorial, Hinesville
- Confederate memorial at the Twiggs County Courthouse in Jeffersonville
- Confederate memorial, Jenkins County Courthouse in Millen
- Confederate memorial, McDonough
- Confederate memorial, Berrien County Courthouse in Nashville
- Confederate Monument, Oglethorpe, Courthouse lawn, unveiled on February 20, 1923[41]
- Resaca Confederate Cemetery
- Confederate Monument, Forsyth Park, Savannah; completed in 1879[3]
- Stone Mountain
- Confederate memorial, Talbotton
- Confederate Memorial, "First cannon ball fired at outbreak of the War Between the States at Fort Sumter", Thomaston
- Confederate monument, Thomaston
- Confederate memorial, Lowdnes County Courthouse in Valdosta
- Confederate memorial, Phoenix Park, Waycross[42]
Photos
-
Augusta
-
Savannah
-
Stone Mountain
-
Baxley
-
Nashville
-
Irwin County
-
Fort Pulaski
-
Douglas
-
Jeffersonville
-
Cartersville
-
Hawkinsville
-
McDonough
-
Hinesville
-
Dublin
-
Eastman
-
Millen
-
Valdosta
-
Waycross
-
Butler
-
Talbotton
-
Crawfordville
-
Thomaston
-
Thomaston
-
Oglethorpe
Illinois
- Confederate Cemetery and Memorial, Alton, Illinois[43]
- Confederate Mound at Oak Woods Cemetery, Chicago, Illinois[44]
Kentucky
- Confederate Monument in Augusta, Augusta, Kentucky
- Confederate Monument of Bardstown, Bardstown, Kentucky
- Confederate Monument of Bowling Green, Bowling Green, Kentucky
- Confederate Monument of Cadiz, Cadiz, Kentucky
- Confederate Monument at Crab Orchard, Crab Orchard, Kentucky
- Confederate Monument in Cynthiana, Cynthiana, Kentucky
- Confederate Monument in Danville, Danville, Kentucky
- Confederate Soldiers Martyrs Monument, Eminence, Kentucky
- Confederate Monument in Frankfort, Frankfort, Kentucky
- Confederate Monument in Georgetown, Georgetown, Kentucky
- Confederate Monument in Glasgow, Glascow, Kentucky
- Confederate Monument in Harrodsburg, Harrodsburg, Kentucky
- Confederate Memorial Fountain, Hopkinsville, Kentucky
- Latham Confederate Monument, Hopkinsville, Kentucky
- Unknown Confederate Soldier Monument, Horse Cave, Kentucky
- Confederate Martyrs Monument, Jeffersontown, Kentucky
- Confederate Monument in Lawrenceburg, Lawrenceburg, Kentucky
- John Hunt Morgan Memorial, Lexington, Kentucky
- Ladies' Confederate Memorial, Lexington, Kentucky
- Confederate Monument in Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Confederate Monument in Madisonville, Madisonville, Kentucky
- Confederate Memorial in Mayfield, Mayfield, Kentucky
- Confederate Memorial Gates in Mayfield, Mayfield, Kentucky
- Martyrs Monument, Midway, Kentucky
- Confederate Monument of Morganfield, Morganfield, Kentucky
- Confederate Monument of Mt. Sterling, Mt. Sterling, Kentucky
- Confederate Monument in Murray, Murray, Kentucky
- Confederate Monument in Owensboro, Owensboro, Kentucky
- Confederate Monument in Owingsville, Owingsville, Kentucky
- Confederate Monument in Paducah, Paducah, Kentucky
- Bourbon County Confederate Monument, Paris, Kentucky
- Confederate Monument in Perryville, Perryville, Kentucky
- Confederate Monument in Russellville, Russellville, Kentucky
- Confederate Mass Grave Monument, Somerset, Kentucky
- Confederate Monument in Versailles, Versailles, Kentucky
- Jefferson Davis State Historic Site
Louisiana
- Caddo Parish Confederate Monument, on grounds of the Caddo Parish Court House, Shreveport, Louisiana, dedicated in 1906 by the United Daughters of the Confederacy - see listing at National Register of Historic Places
- Orleans Parish - Robert E. Lee monument and circle - erected in 1884. 60 ft. column with 12 ft. statue on an earthen mound.
- Orleans Parish - P. G. T. Beauregard equestrian monument - erected in 1913
- Orleans Parish - President Jefferson Davis - erected in 1911
- Orleans Parish - Liberty Place monument - erected 1891 to the battle for the attempted overthrow of the Carpetbag government put in place by the Federal Government in 1872. The battle occurred in 1874.
Maryland
- Memorial to Confederate Soldiers - Baltimore, Maryland. Mount Royal Avenue.
- Memorial to Robert E. Lee and Stonewall Jackson - Baltimore, Maryland. In the western side of The Dell, Charles Village, near the Baltimore Museum of Art.
- Rockville [Confederate] Civil War Monument - Rockville, Maryland. The monument sits on the side of the courthouse in downtown Rockville. The statue faces south. The pedestal reads "To our heroes of Montgomery Co Maryland. That we through life may not forget to love the thin gray line." Date Installed or Dedicated: 01/01/1913[45]
Mississippi
- Rankin County Confederate Monument, Brandon, Mississippi, listed on the NRHP in Rankin County, Mississippi
- Jones County Courthouse and Confederate Monument at Ellisville, Ellisville, Mississippi, listed on the NRHP in Jones County, Mississippi
- Confederate Memorial, Hattiesburg, Mississippi; erected by the United Daughters of the Confederacy in 1910[46]
- Attala County Courthouse and Confederate Monument, Kosciusko, Mississippi, listed on the NRHP in Attala County, Mississippi
- Clarke County Courthouse and Confederate Monument, Quitman, Mississippi, listed on the NRHP in Clarke County, Mississippi
- Tomb of the Unknown Confederate Soldier, Biloxi
- Confederate Monument, Liberty, Mississippi; erected by Liberty Lodge of Masons in 1871[47]
Missouri
- Memorial to the Confederate Dead, Forest Park, St. Louis, Missouri
- Confederate War Memorial, Cape Girardeau, Missouri
- Confederate Memorial, Lincoln Shields Recreation Area, West Alton, MO[43]
- Confederate Soldier Memorial, Union Cemetery, Kansas City, Missouri
Montana
- Confederate Memorial Fountain, Helena, Montana
North Carolina
- Asheville, North Carolina
- Chapel Hill: Silent Sam, 1913.
- Concord: Confederate soldiers monument erected in 1892.[48]
- Durham, North Carolina: Durham County Courthouse, erected in 1924.
- Forsyth County: Forsyth County Courthouse, in Winston-Salem.
- Graham, North Carolina: features a monument in honor of Confederate Soldiers on the north side of the Alamance County Courthouse.
- Louisburg: Tribute to, "Our Confederate Dead". The monument is owned by the town of Louisburg, and in the center of Louisburg College.[49]
- Rocky Mount, North Carolina: Nash County Confederate Monument, erected in 1917 to honor Confederate War dead in Edgecombe and Nash Counties, rededicated to all veterans of all wars in 1976.
- Oxford: Granville Gray, a Memorial to the Confederate Veterans of Granville County.
- Raleigh: North Carolina State Confederate Monument, Union Square, also known as the Soldiers and Sailors Monument, on the State Capitol grounds.
- Historic Oakwood Cemetery in Raleigh has a section devoted to Confederate soldiers' graves, with a modest marker.
- Salisbury: Confederate Monument erected in 1909.[50]
- Wilmington: Confederate Memorial
- Yanceyville: Caswell County Confederate Monument.
Pennsylvania
See the List of Confederate monuments at Gettysburg[51]
- Gettysburg Battlefield is the site of several Confederate monuments erected between 1884 and 1982 to honor the dead of specific units or states[52]
South Carolina
- Abbeville, dedicated on August 23, 1906. It was designed and constructed by the Butler Brothers Marble Company of Marietta, Georgia for $3,000.[53]
- The monument to South Carolina's Confederate Dead is positioned on the northern end of the South Carolina State House grounds in Columbia. The monument flew a traditional version of the Confederate Battle Flag from 2000 to 2015.
- The Cherokee County Confederate Monument in Gaffney, South Carolina was built in 1922.[54]
- Confederate memorial in Orangeburg
Tennessee
- The grounds around the Rutherford County Courthouse contain a 1901 monument to the Confederacy and a 2011 memorial to those from Rutherford County who served in the Army of Tennessee.
- The Confederate Circle in Murfreesboro's Evergreen Cemetery is a memorial to approximately 2,000 Confederate soldiers whose remains were reinterred at the cemetery in 1891.
- Nashville's Mount Olivet Cemetery had a burial and memorial area established by a ladies group shortly after the Civil War which became known as Confederate Circle.
- Confederate Monument, Union City, Tennessee, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Obion County, Tennessee
- Confederate and Union memorial in Crossville, Tennessee
- Confederate Memorial Hall on the campus of Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee, was built in 1935. The school renamed the building to "Memorial Hall" in 2016.
Texas
- Confederate Soldiers Monument, Texas State Capitol, Austin; erected beginning 1903[55]
- Confederate War Memorial, Dallas. Originally erected in City Park in 1897, but relocated to Pioneer Park Cemetery in 1961 due to highway construction.[56]
- Confederate Soldiers' Monument, Denton: dedicated June 3, 1918, located on the south lawn of the Denton County Courthouse[57]
- Confederate Memorial of the Wind: under construction since 2013 in Orange.[58]
Virginia
- Confederate Memorial, Arlington National Cemetery, Arlington, Virginia; authorized in 1906 by United States Secretary of War William Howard Taft and unveiled in 1914[59]
- Appomattox statue to the Confederate dead is at the intersection of Washington and Prince streets in Old Town Alexandria
- Mecklenburg County has a Confederate statue in front of the Courthouse.
- Confederate Monument, Portsmouth, Virginia, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Portsmouth, Virginia
- The Memorial Granite Pile, Confederate Section, Hollywood Cemetery, Richmond, Virginia
- Monument Avenue in Richmond features monuments of five Confederate leaders, in addition to African-American tennis player Arthur Ashe. His addition to the Confederate leaders was controversial.
- Oakwood Cemetery in Richmond is the burial ground for enlisted men who died during Confederate service in the Richmond hospitals.
- Southampton County has a statue next to the Courthouse's parking lot.
- Leesburg
Photos
-
Arlington National Cemetery
-
Leesburg
West Virginia
- Romney.Erected in 1867, it is one of the first Confederate memorials erected after the Civil War. Confederate Memorial, Romney, West Virginia
- Charleston. Statue of Stonewall Jackson on the state capitol grounds. Dedicated in 1910, the money was raised by the United Daughters of the Confederacy Chapter No. 151. Sculpted by Moses Ezekiel, who had been a cadet at the Virginia Military Institute during the Civil War. A replica of the statue is also on the grounds of VMI.[60]
Brazil
- In 1865, at the end of the American Civil War, a substantial number of Southerners left the South; many moved to other parts of the United States, such as the American West, but a few left the country entirely. The most popular country of Southerners emigration was Brazil.[61] These emigrants were known as Confederados. A Confederate monument was placed in Americana, São Paulo, Brazil.
See also
- Confederate Memorial Day
- Confederate Park (disambiguation)
- Lost Cause of the Confederacy
- United Confederate Veterans
- United Daughters of the Confederacy
- Sons of Confederate Veterans
References
- 1 2 Civil War Monuments, Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture
- ↑ David N. Wiggins (2006), Georgia's Confederate Monuments and Cemeteries, Arcadia Press.
- 1 2 Confederate Monument in Forsyth Park, City of Savannah website, accessed April 24, 2010
- ↑ United Daughters of the Confederacy Alabama Division (ALUDC), Encyclopedia of Alabama
- ↑ Ladies' Memorial Associations and The Lost Cause, Encyclopedia of Virginia
- 1 2 3 Gravemarking and Monuments, Colonel Sherod Hunter Camp 1525, Sons of Confederate Veterans, accessed April 26, 2010
- 1 2 Confederate Memorial dedicated, Sierra Vista Herald, April 17, 2010
- 1 2 "Hurrah! The Delaware Confederate Monument Has a Home at Last!". Sons of Confederate Veterans Camp #2608 website. Retrieved April 24, 2010.
- ↑ http://www.heraldonline.com/2010/04/14/2088405/n-charleston-leaders-want-confederate.html
- ↑ http://www.southcarolinaradionetwork.com/2010/04/22/scv-secession-monument-at-no-chas-park-was-mayors-idea/
- ↑ National Park Service (2009-03-13). "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service.
- ↑ Alabama Confederate Monument, Conservation Solutions Inc., accessed April 24, 2010
- ↑ Ladies Memorial Association, Encyclopedia of Alabama
- ↑ http://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=14711X9406B28.6423&profile=ariall&source=~!siartinventories&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100001~!441~!2&ri=2&aspect=Browse&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=Outdoor+Sculpture+--+Alabama+--+Montgomery&index=OBJEC&uindex=&aspect=Browse&menu=search&ri=2
- 1 2 3 4 National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Registration Form: Civil War Commemorative Sculpture in Arkansas, 1886-1934, 1996.
- ↑ Widner, Ralph W., Confederate Monuments: Enduring Symbols of the South and the War Between the States, Andromeda Associates, Washington D.C., 1982 p. 32
- ↑ Widner, p.32
- ↑ Widner, p.32
- ↑ Widner, p.32
- ↑ Widner, p.33
- ↑ Widner, p.32
- ↑ Widner, p.32
- ↑ http://www.artswfl.com/public-art-2/fort-myers-river-district-public-art-2/robert-e-lee-bust/robert-e-lee-bust
- ↑ Widner, p.34
- ↑ Widner, p.34
- ↑ http://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=14S1X138436E2.6589&profile=ariall&source=~!siartinventories&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100001~!313445~!23&ri=4&aspect=Browse&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=Outdoor+Sculpture+--+Florida+--+Jacksonville&index=OBJEC&uindex=&aspect=Browse&menu=search&ri=4
- ↑ Widner, p.35
- ↑ Widner, p.34
- ↑ Widner, p.35
- ↑ Widner, p.36
- ↑ Widner, p.36
- ↑ Widner, p.36
- ↑ Widner, p.36
- ↑ Widner, p.37
- ↑ Widner, p.38
- ↑ http://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=147122JY4223C.6622&profile=ariall&uri=link=3100006~!278357~!3100001~!3100002&aspect=Browse&menu=search&ri=7&source=~!siartinventories&term=J.+F.+Manning+Company%2C+fabricator.&index=AUTHOR
- ↑ Widner, p.37
- ↑ Photograph, Photograph by Melinda Smith Mullikin, New Georgia Encyclopedia
- ↑ Downtown Confederate monument defaced with anti-white messages, The Augusta Chronicle, November 8, 2009
- ↑ Confederate Monument, St. James United Methodist Church
- ↑ Widner, Ralph W., Confederate Monuments: Enduring Symbols of the South and the War Between the States, Andromeda Associates, Washington D.C., 1982 p. 70
- ↑ Waycross website
- 1 2 Visitors Guide to the Confederate Prison Site & Confederate Memorials Alton, Illinois, Visitors Guide to the Middle Mississippi River Valley, accessed June 25, 2015
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20160402021505/https://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/national_cemeteries/illinois/Confederate_Mound_Oak_Woods_Cemetery.html
- ↑ Waymarking
- ↑ Erica Sherrill Owens, Group celebrates Confederate Memorial Day, Hattiesburg American, April 24, 2010
- ↑ https://www.apps.mdah.ms.gov/Public/prop.aspx?id=2767&view=facts&y=1176
- ↑ North Carolina Civil War Monuments: North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources - Retrieved 2014-08-19
- ↑ http://docsouth.unc.edu/commland/monument/16/
- ↑ Downtown Salisbury Street Scenes - Confederate Monument, Rowan County, North Carolina, government website, accessed April 24, 2010
- ↑ List of monuments of the Gettysburg Battlefield#Confederate monuments
- ↑ Confederate Monuments at Gettysburg, StoneSentinels.com website, accessed April 24, 2010
- ↑ Seigler, Robert S., A Guide to Confederate Monuments in South carolina: Passing the Silent Cup, South Carolina Department of Archives and History, 1997 p. 25
- ↑ "Cherokee County Confederate Monument". Historical Marker Project. Retrieved August 14, 2016.
- ↑ Monument Guide: Confederate Soldiers, State Preservation Board Caretakers of the Texas Capitol website, accessed April 24, 2010
- ↑ Confederate Monument, DallasHistory.net website, accessed April 26, 2010
- ↑ http://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth34974/
- ↑ http://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2016/08/texas-confederacy-rising-again-214159
- ↑ Visitor Information: Monuments and Memorials: Confederate Memorial, Arlington National Cemetery website, accessed April 24, 2010
- ↑ Biennial Report of the Department of Archives and History of the State of West Virginia,Charleston, 1911, pgs. 275-279.
- ↑ Herbert, Paul N (December 17, 2009). "Confederados forge new cultural identity". The Washington Times.