Commissioners in Lunacy
The Commissioners in Lunacy or Lunacy Commission were a UK public body established by the Lunacy Act 1845 to oversee asylums and the welfare of mentally ill people. It succeeded the Metropolitan Commissioners in Lunacy.
Previous bodies
The predecessors of the Commissioners in Lunacy were the Metropolitan Commissioners in Lunacy, dating back to the Madhouses Act 1774, and established as such by the Madhouses Act 1828. By 1842 their remit had been extended from London to cover the whole country. The Lord Chancellor's jurisdiction over lunatics so found by writ of De Lunatico Inquirendo had been delegated to two Masters in Chancery. By the Lunacy Act 1842 (5&6 Vict. c.64), these were established as the Commissioners in Lunacy and after 1845 they were retitled Masters in Lunacy.[1]
Establishment
Anthony Ashley-Cooper, Seventh Earl of Shaftesbury was the head of the Commission from its founding in 1845 until his death in 1885.[2] The Lunacy Commission was made up of eleven Metropolitan Commissioners: three medical, three legal and five laymen.[3] The Commission was monumental as it was not only a full-time commission, but it was also salaried for six of its members. The six members of the commission that were full-time and salaried were the three members of the legal system and the three members of the medical community. The other five lay members of the commission were all honorary members that simply had to attend board meetings. The duty of the Commission was to establish and carry out the provisions of the Act,[4] reporting to the Poor Law Commissioners (in the case of workhouses) and to the Lord Chancellor.[3] The first Secretary to the Commissioners was Robert Wilfred Skeffington Lutwidge, a barrister and uncle of Lewis Carroll.[5] He had previously been one of the Metropolitan Commissioners, and later become an Inspector of the Commission.[6][7]
Successors
The Mental Deficiency Act 1913 replaced the Commission by the Board of Control for Lunacy and Mental Deficiency.[8]
Commissioners
Incomplete list:
- Thomas Turner, Medical (1845–1854)[9]
- Henry Herbert Southey, Medical (1845–1848)[9]
- Bryan Procter, Legal (1845–1860)[9][10]
- Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 7th Earl of Shaftesbury, Lay, chair (1845–1885)[9]
- Robert Vernon, 1st Baron Lyveden, Lay (1845–1860)[9]
- Edward Seymour, 12th Duke of Somerset, Lay (1845–1852)[9]
- Robert Gordon, Lay (1845)[9]
- Francis Barlow, Lay (1845)[9]
- J. R. Southey, Medical (1845)[9]
- James Cowles Prichard (1845–1848), Medical, in place of Southey who resigned
- James Mylne, Legal (1845)[9]
- John Hancock Hall (1845)[9]
- Robert Wilfred Skeffington Lutwidge (appointed 1855)[6]
- Harry Davenport (appointed 1889)[11]
- Edward Nugent, Earl of Milltown (appointed 1889)[11]
- Henry Morgan-Clifford
- Sir Marriott Cooke (1898–1914)[12]
References
- ↑ Jones (2003) p.222
- ↑ Unsworth, Clive."Law and Lunacy in Psychiatry's 'Golden Age'", Oxford Journal of Legal Studies. Vol. 13, No. 4. (Winter, 1993), pp. 482.
- 1 2 Watkin, Brian (1975). Documents on health and social services, 1834 to the present day. Taylor & Francis. p. 358. ISBN 0-416-18080-9.
- ↑ Wright, David: "Mental Health Timeline", 1999
- ↑ Seiberling, Grace; Bloore, Carolyn (1986). Amateurs, photography, and the mid-Victorian imagination. University of Chicago Press. p. 135. ISBN 0-226-74498-1.
- 1 2 Edwin Fuller Torrey; Judy Miller (2001). The invisible plague: the rise of mental illness from 1750 to the present. Rutgers University Press. p. 87. ISBN 0-8135-3003-2.
- ↑ Mellett, D. J. (1981). "Bureaucracy and Mental Illness: The Commissioners in Lunacy 1845–90". Medical History. 25 (3): 221–250. doi:10.1017/s0025727300034566. PMC 1139037
. PMID 7022062. - ↑ Phil Fennell (1996). Treatment without consent: law, psychiatry and the treatment of mentally disordered people since 1845. Social ethics and policy series. Routledge. p. 75. ISBN 0-415-07787-7.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Jones (2003) p.191
- ↑ Richard Marggraf Turley (2009). Bright stars: John Keats, Barry Cornwall and Romantic literary culture. Liverpool English texts and studies. 57. Liverpool University Press. p. 60. ISBN 1-84631-211-6.
- 1 2 The London Gazette: no. 25917. p. 1870. 2 April 1889. Retrieved 11 July 2010.
- ↑ "Sir Marriott Cooke, K.b.e., M.b". British Medical Journal. 2 (3695): 829–830. 1931. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.3695.829. PMC 2315577. PMID 20776478.
- Kathleen Jones (2003). Lunacy, law, and conscience, 1744–1845: the social history of the care of the insane. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-17802-9.
External links
- Web pages by Andrew Roberts at Middlesex University: