Clan Nicolson

This article is about the Lowland Clan Nicolson. For the similarly named, though unrelated Highland clan, see Clan MacNeacail.
Clan Nicolson
MacNeacail[1]
Motto Generositate (By generosity)[1]
Profile
Plant badge Sprig of juniper[1]
Chief
David Nicolson
4th Baron Carnock

Clan Nicolson is a Lowland Scottish clan. The clan claims descent from an Edinburgh lawyer who lived in the 16th century and from a distinguished line of Aberdeen merchants who preceded him. During the mid-1980s David Nicolson, 4th Baron Carnock was recognised by the Lord Lyon King of Arms as the chief of Clan Nicolson. Around the same time, a Nicolson who claimed descent from the Highland clan of "Nicolsons" historically centred on Skye, petitioned the Lord Lyon King of Arms to be recognised as chief of his own clan. The Lord Lyon King of Arms accepted this man's petition on the condition he took the surname MacNeacail. In consequence there are two Scottish clans with similar names—the lowland Clan Nicolson and the highland Clan MacNeacail.

History

Origins of the name

The surname Nicolson means "son of Nicol". The personal name Nicol is a diminutive of Nicholas, derived from the Greek Νικόλαος meaning "victory people". The personal name Nicol was first brought to the British Isles by the Normans.[2] Nicholas was a very common mediaeval name and is found in many different forms as a surname.[3] The surname is shared by two Scottish clans—the lowland Clan Nicolson and the unrelated Clan MacNeacail of Skye. This is because in late 17th century members of Clan MacNeacail began to Anglicise their Gaelic name to Nicolson.[4]

Origins of the clan

According to the heraldry of the Clan Nicolson and the Clan MacNeacail the two clans are linked: The chiefs of both clans have a gold shield with birds of prey, with falcons for the Nicolsons and hawks for the MacNeacails.[5] However, there is little genealogical evidence to support a link between the chiefs of the two clans.[5] The Nicolsons are of Norse descent and the name could be derived from the personal name of Olsen.[5] In Scottish Gaelic, Nic signifies daughter.[5] The Norse raided all around the coast of Scotland as well as the north of England, and the name Nicolson can also be found throughout Tyneside and Yorkshire in England.[5] Some Norsemen settled on the north coast of France from where their Norman descendants came over in the Norman conquest of England in the 11th century, with some settling in Scotland during the reign of David I of Scotland.[5]

Scottish-Norwegian War

During the Scottish–Norwegian War, the last Norse king who invaded Scotland, Haakon IV of Norway, sent an advance party under Anders Nicolassen who was his foster brother and one of his chief barons, to plunder the Isle of Bute before joining the main Norse fleet off the coast of Largs.[5] In the ensuing Battle of Largs the Norsemen were defeated but there is a persistent tradition that Anders Nicolassen settled in Scotland after he had been sent as an envoy from Norway to conclude the Treaty of Perth.[5] The treaty finally ceded Norwegian sovereignty of the isles over to the king of Scotland.[5]

16th and 17th centuries

The chiefly line of Clan Nicolson claims descent from James Nicolson, an Edinburgh lawyer who died around 1580.[5] His ancestors had been burgesses of Aberdeen in the 15th century. He had two sons, John and James.[5] James entered the Church and became Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland in 1595.[5] By 1606 he was appointed Bishop of Dunkeld, though died in 1607.[5] James's older brother, John, acquired the lands of Lasswade from Sinclair of Dryden in 1592.[5] In 1629, his son was created a Baronet in Nova Scotia as Nicolson of that Ilk and Lasswade.[5] His titled was succeeded by his grandson who became a Commissioner of Parliament for Edinburgh in 1672.[5]

19th century

The direct male line however died out by 1826, and the titles were claimed by a descendant of the branch descending from Nicolson Bishop of Dunkeld.[5]

The title Baron of Carnock passed to another cousin Major General Sir William Nicolson, who was an only son of George Nicolson of Tarviston. The general saw service in the Americas, India, Ireland and Mauritius. He died in 1820 to be succeeded by his son, Admiral Sir Frederick Nicolson. In 1879, the admiral's eldest son, Frederick, was killed fighting the Zulus, so the title was passed to the second son, Arthur, in 1899.[5] In June 1916 Arthur was created Baron Carnock of Carnock.[6]

In the 1980s, David Nicolson, 4th Baron Carnock petitioned the Lord Lyon King of Arms to be recognised as the chief of Clan Nicolson, in virtue of his ancestor—John Nicolson of that Ilk, 1st Baronet of Lasswade (d. 1651). At around the same time another Nicolson was in the process of putting forward a petition to become chief of the Highland Nicolsons.[7] In 1985, after matriculating arms, David Nicolson, 4th Baron Carnock was recognised by the Lord Lyon King of Arms as chief of the name Nicolson. The position of chief of clan Nicolson is currently vacant,[8] although Adam Nicolson, 5th Lord Carnock, could legitimately claim it.

Heraldry

Today members of Clan Nicolson may show allegiance to their clan and chief by wearing a Scottish crest badge. This badge contains the chief's heraldic crest and heraldic motto. The motto which appears on the crest badge is GENEROSITATE, which translates from Latin either as "by generosity" or "by inheritance", or a combination of the two. The crest itself is a lion issuant Or armed and langued Gules.[9] The heraldic elements with the crest badge are derived from the Arms of Nicolson of that Ilk. These arms are blazoned Or three falcons' heads erased Gules armed Argent.[10] Note that the arms of the chiefs of the clans Nicolson and MacNeacail are very similar. In fact, the arms of the MacNeacail chief are subordinate to those borne by the Nicolson chief.[11]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 Clan Nicolson Profile scotclans.com. Retrieved 10 December 2013.
  2. ↑ Black, George Fraser (1946). The Surnames of Scotland : Their Origin, Meaning and History. New York: New York Public Library. pp. 628–629.
  3. ↑ Reaney, Percy Hilde; Wilson, Richard Middlewood (2006). A Dictionary of English Surnames (pdf) (3rd ed.). London: Routledge. p. 2260. ISBN 0-203-99355-1.
  4. ↑ "Clan History of the Nicolsons of Skye". www.clanmacnicol.org. Retrieved 26 March 2009.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Way, George and Squire, Romily. Collins Scottish Clan & Family Encyclopedia. (Foreword by The Rt Hon. The Earl of Elgin KT, Convenor, The Standing Council of Scottish Chiefs). Published in 1994. Pages 292 - 293.
  6. ↑ "Nicolson". www.myclan.com. Archived from the original on 15 November 2003. Retrieved 6 January 2009.
  7. ↑ "Clan Nicolson". www.electricscotland.com. Retrieved 6 January 2009.
  8. ↑ The Highlander Archived 10 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine., the Magazine of Scottish heritage; April 2009; 2009 Directory; Published by Angus J. Ray Associates, Inc.; ISSN 0161-5378, USPS 579200
  9. ↑ Way of Plean, George; Squire, Romilly (2000). Clans & Tartans. Glasgow: HarperCollins. p. 254. ISBN 0-00-472501-8.
  10. ↑ "Nicolson & Nicholson Arms". www.heraldry-online.org.uk. Retrieved 6 January 2009.
  11. ↑ Campbell of Airds, Alastair. "A Closer Look at West Highland Heraldry". Heraldry Society of Scotland. Retrieved 26 March 2009.
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