Cesar Millan

Cesar Millan
Born	César Felipe Millán Favela[1][2] (1969-08-27) August 27, 1969 Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
Residence	Santa Clarita, California, U.S.
Citizenship	United States[3]
Occupation	Dog trainer
Years active	2004 (2004)–present
Known for	Dog Whisperer with Cesar Millan
Spouse(s)	Ilusión Millan (1994 (1994)–2010 (2010); filed for divorce)[4]
Partner(s)	Jahira Dar (2013 (2013)–present)
Website	http://www.cesarsway.com/

Cesar Millan, (born César Felipe Millán Favela; August 27, 1969) is a Mexican-American self-taught dog behaviorist.^[5] He is widely known for his television series Dog Whisperer with Cesar Millan, broadcast in more than eighty countries worldwide from 2004 to 2012.^[6] Prior to The Dog Whisperer series, Millan focused on rehabilitating severely aggressive dogs^[7] and founded the Dog Psychology Center^[8] in South Los Angeles (2002–2008). In 2009,^[9] the Dog Psychology Center moved to Santa Clarita, California.^[10] Millan also opened an East Coast clinic at the Country Inn Pet Resort in Davie, Florida, near Fort Lauderdale.^[11]

Millan's first three books, including Cesar's Way, all became New York Times best sellers, have cumulatively sold two million copies in the United States, and are available in 14 other countries.^[9] In 2009, in conjunction with IMG, Millan introduced a monthly magazine also titled Cesar's Way, with The Wall Street Journal reporting at that time that half of American consumers recognized Millan.^[12] With Ilusión Millan, his former wife, he founded the Millan Foundation – since renamed the Cesar Millan Foundation. He is working with Yale University to create a children's curriculum based on his work.^[9]

Millan has said, "My goal in rehabilitating dogs and training people is to create balanced relationships between humans and canines."^[11] In 2009, The New York Times attributed Millan's success to his personal sense of balance,^[9] describing this as "a sort of über-balanced mien".^[9] Millan's methods have been criticized by the animal welfare charity RSPCA and by the broadcaster Alan Titchmarsh as "cruel" and "unnecessary".^[13] In 2010, Millan was hospitalized after an attempted suicide.^[14]

Early life

César Millán Favela was born on August 27, 1969, to Felipe Millán Guillen and María Teresa Favela in Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico. Millan grew up working with animals on his grandfather's Sinaloa farm.^[15] Because of his natural way with dogs, he was called el Perrero, "the dog boy".^[15] The family later moved to Mazatlán.^[16] Millan crossed the border into the United States without a visa when he was 21 years old and spoke no English.^{[15][17][18][19]}

Career

Millan's first job in the United States was at a dog grooming store. He later created the Pacific Point Canine Academy. Jada Pinkett Smith became one of Millan's first clients and supporters when he was working as a limousine driver,^[6] providing him with an English tutor for a year.^[16][17] Subsequently, Millan created the Dog Psychology Center, a two-acre (0.81 ha) facility in South Los Angeles, specializing in working with large breed dogs.^[20]

In 2002, after a profile in the Los Angeles Times, Millan worked with MPH Entertainment, Inc. developing a television pilot for Dog Whisperer, a reality television series that follows Millan as he works in the field of dog rehabilitation. The series premiered on September 13, 2004, on the National Geographic Channel, subsequently moving to the Nat Geo WILD channel. The show would become National Geographic's No. 1 show during its first season^[21] and was broadcast in more than eighty countries worldwide during its run.^[6] The final episode of the show was broadcast in late 2012.

In 2009, Cesar Millan launched Cesar’s Way magazine in the United States and Canada, for which he is the Editorial Director. The magazine combines advice from Millan along with articles about the relationship between dogs and humans. Cesar Millan's Leader of the Pack is an American documentary television series on the Nat Geo Wild channel which premiered on January 5, 2013. 2014 saw the premiere of Millan's new series, Cesar 911, on the Nat Geo WILD channel. In 2015, he teamed up with children's television veterans Sid and Marty Krofft to create Mutt & Stuff, a preschool television show for the Nickelodeon channel. Millan's son Calvin stars on the series.

Dog training technique

Millan's work focuses on handling a dog with what he calls "calm-assertive energy".^[9] He believes that dog owners should establish their role as calm-assertive pack leaders.^[17] According to Millan, dogs have three primary needs:^[17] exercise, discipline and affection — in that order.^[22] In other words, it is the owner's responsibility to fulfill the dog's energy level through challenging exercise; then to provide clearly communicated rules, boundaries and limitations; and finally, to provide affection.^[23] According to Millan, a common pitfall for American dog owners is to give a great deal of affection with very little exercise and even less discipline.^[23] He encourages owners to understand the effect their own attitudes, internal emotions and physical postures have on a dog's behavior, counseling owners to hold strong posture (i.e., shoulders high and chest forward) and to project energy that is calm-assertive.^[15][24]

Millan's TV programs show him at work rehabilitating dogs and conversing with owners in order to educate them in his dog-handling philosophy. The conversations with owners typically revolve around his philosophy that healthy, balanced dogs require strong "pack leadership" from their owners, specifically in the form of exercise, discipline and affection (in that order),^[17] with Millan demonstrating how owners can achieve and maintain a leadership role with their dogs. In some cases, Millan takes dogs with severe behavioral problems to his Dog Psychology Center for an extended period of more intensive rehabilitation. The programs are not intended as a dog training guide, and^[21] each episode contains repeated warnings that viewers should not try the behavior modification techniques at home without the guidance of a professional.^[17]

While working with a dog, Millan often uses vocal marks (tsch or tsst^[16]), gestures, and body language to communicate with dogs rather than speech or the dog's name. Cesar encourages owners to create their own unique sound that works for them.^[24] He believes that dogs sense, understand, and respond to a person's energy more easily than their speech.^[25]

Reception

According to an article in the Indian scientific journal Current Science, some professional dog trainers find Millan's methods outdated, flawed^[26] and "unscientific and inhumane."^[27] Millan's detractors say that what Millan calls "calm submission" is actually a state of helplessness that is the result of averse dog-training techniques.^[27] A study in Applied Animal Behaviour Science said Millan has been influential in popularizing punitive techniques, but that bad behavior from dogs was caused by fear and anxiety, not a lack of the owner's alpha status.^[28] A journalist from The New Yorker said that critics were responding to a "highly edited" version of his approach on television, which exaggerates the frequency and intensity that he uses when he disciplines the dogs.^[27][29]

In October 2012, Millan appeared on The Alan Titchmarsh Show. Titchmarsh called his methods "cruel" and "unnecessary", citing a video in which, Titchmarsh said, Millan punched a dog in the throat. Millan called it a touch, not a punch. Titchmarsh read out an RSPCA statement saying that "Adverse training techniques which have been seen to be used by Cesar Millan can cause pain and fear for dogs and may worsen their behavioural problems."^[13][30]

Personal life

Millan became a permanent resident of the United States in 2000, became a United States citizen in 2009,^[3] and lives in Santa Clarita, California. He married Ilusión Wilson in 1994, with whom he had two sons, André (b. 1995) and Calvin (b. 2001).

In June 2010, Ilusión Millan filed for divorce, seeking primary physical custody of their children with visitation for Cesar, as well as spousal support.^[4][31] In May 2010, after his dog Daddy died in February and his wife filed for divorce in March, Millan attempted suicide.^[14] Since August 2010,^[32] he has been in a relationship with Jahira Dar from the Dominican Republic.^{[33][34][35][36]}

Daddy and Junior

One of Millan's many dogs, Daddy, was an American Pit Bull Terrier integral to Millan's work and his television series, The Dog Whisperer.^[37] Millan later selected another pit bull puppy, Junior, as Daddy's protégé — to apprentice, learn his temperament and prepare to assume Daddy's role after his death.^[38] Daddy's death came at age 16 in February 2010.^[38] After the death of Daddy, Junior has now assumed Daddy's role and helps Cesar with rehabilitating dogs by using what Millan refers to as calm, assertive energy.^[39]

In popular culture

Millan guest-starred as himself in Ghost Whisperer in Season 2, Episode 18, "Children of Ghost". In the episode, Melinda (Jennifer Love Hewitt) seeks out Millan for advice on how to help Homer, Ghost Whisperer's Ghost Dog (from Season 1), cross over into the light. A satirized version of Millan was portrayed in "Tsst", the May 3, 2006, episode of the Comedy Central animated series South Park. In the episode, Lianne Cartman enlists Millan's help in applying his principles to her misbehaving son, Eric Cartman. The principles work, and Eric becomes completely reformed, but Lianne fails to continue applying Millan's techniques, and Eric reverts to his old behavior. Millan played himself in "The Finger in the Nest", the September 17, 2008, episode of Bones, helping the lead characters to determine if a location was used for dog fighting. Millan played himself in Beethoven's Big Break, which premiered in cinemas on December 30, 2008, and the The Back-Up Plan, which was released April 23, 2010, in theaters.

Millan made a guest appearance as a judge on Episode 3 of the 10th season of The Apprentice, a contestant in the April 27, 2011 episode of Jeopardy!^[40] and as a chef's table guest in the Season 15 episode of Hell's Kitchen.

Bibliography

• Cesar Millan; Melissa Jo Peltier (March 2007). Cesar's Way: The Natural, Everyday Guide to Understanding and Correcting Common Dog Problems. New York: Three Rivers Press. ISBN 978-0-307-33797-9. OCLC 62134773. 
• Cesar Millan; Melissa Jo Peltier (March 2007). Be the Pack Leader: Use Cesar's Way to Transform Your Dog . . . and Your Life. New York: Three Rivers Press. ISBN 978-0-307-38167-5. 
• Cesar Millan; Melissa Jo Peltier (March 2008). A Member of the Family: Cesar Millan's Guide to a Lifetime of Fulfillment with Your Dog. New York: Three Rivers Press. ISBN 978-0-307-40891-4. 
• Cesar Millan; Melissa Jo Peltier (2009). How to Raise the Perfect Dog: Through Puppyhood and Beyond. New York: Three Rivers Press. ISBN 978-0-307-46129-2. 
• Cesar Millan; Melissa Jo Peltier (2010). Cesar's Rules: Your Way to Train a Well-Behaved Dog. New York: Crown Archetype. ISBN 978-0-307-71686-6. 
• Cesar Millan (2013). Cesar Millan's Short Guide to a Happy Dog: 98 Essential Tips and Techniques. Washington, D.C.: National Geography Society. ISBN 978-1-4262-1190-4. 

Videography

References

• Biography Today. 15 (3): 73–83.  Missing or empty |title= (help)
• Peltier, Cesar Millan with Melissa Jo (2006). Cesar's way : the natural, everyday guide to understanding and correcting common dog problems (1st ed.). New York: Harmony Books. ISBN 0-307-33733-2. 
• Millan, Cesar; Peltier, Melissa Jo (2007). Be the Pack Leader. New York: Harmony Books. 

External links

• Official website
• The Cesar Millan Foundation
• The Dog Whisperer at NationalGeographic.com
• Cesar Millan at the Internet Movie Database