New York Mercantile Library

Coordinates: 40°45′22.93″N 73°58′38.23″W / 40.7563694°N 73.9772861°W / 40.7563694; -73.9772861

The Mercantile Library in the Astor Opera House building, 1886

The Center for Fiction, originally called the New York Mercantile Library, is a not-for-profit organization in New York City at 17 East 47th Street, between Madison and Fifth Avenues in Midtown Manhattan, which works to promote fiction and literature and to give support to writers. It originated in 1820 as the (New York) Mercantile Library and in 2005 changed its name to the Mercantile Library Center for Fiction.[1] although it presents itself as simply "The Center for Fiction".

The Center, which is one of 17 remaining membership libraries in the United States, three of which are in New York City,[2] maintains a large circulating library of 20th and 21st century fiction, in addition to many stored volumes of 19th century fiction. It also stocks non-fiction volumes on subjects related to literature.[3] It maintains a Reading Room, operates a curated independent bookstore primarily featuring works of fiction, rents space to writers at low cost, and presents literary programs to the public.[4] The organization also awards the annual Center for Fiction First Novel Prize.

Mercantile Library

1820–1853

From the New York Commercial Advertiser (November 2, 1820)

The foundation of the Mercantile Library Association was instigated by the New York Chamber of Commerce,[5] which placed newspaper advertisements in November 1820 asking merchant clerks to meet at a local coffee house to discuss forming an organization based on the Mercantile Library in Boston, which had been created earlier that year.[4] The purpose of the new organization was to provide the city's growing population of clerks with an alternative to what were considered to be immoral entertainments and other vices of the city.[5][6]

The Association's first subscription circulating library, which had 700 volumes[7] in rented rooms at 49 Fulton Street in Manhattan, was open to most of the general public, but only merchant clerks were allowed to vote for and be officers in the Association.[8] By the year 1826, the financial "prospects brightened to the extent that the officers hired a suite of rooms in the Harpers building on Cliff Street, and starting the reading room, which has continued to be an important part of the institution in all its successive homes.”[9] In 1830, the library moved to a new building designed by architect Seth Geer, called Clinton Hall, at Nassau and Beekman Streets,[10] which the Clinton Hall Association, made up of prominent members of the Mercantile Library Association, had raised funds to construct.[8] Frequent lectures were presented by the library,[11] including by Ralph Waldo Emerson [12] and Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr..[13]

By 1844 the library contained works of agriculture and gardening; amusements, games, sports &c; anecdotes, facetiae, table talk &c; Anglo Saxon language &c; antiquities, heraldry, mythology, and numismatics; architecture; arts and sciences; astronomy; banking and currency; bibliography and typography; biography; book keeping; botany; chemistry; commerce; conchology; dictionaries and lexicons; domestic economy; dramatic literature; education; electricity and magnetism; essays and literary miscellanies; fine arts; geography; geology and mineralogy; history; language; law; letters; mathematics; medicine; metaphysics; miscellaneous works; moral science; music; natural history; natural philosophy; novels; novels in foreign languages; orations, speeches and addresses; periodicals; phrenology; poetry; political economy; political science; religion; rhetoric, oratory and criticism; Shakspeare; slavery; voyages and travels; Africa, America, Asia, China, Egypt, England, Europe, France, Germany, Greece, India, Ireland, Italy, London, Rome, Russia, Scandinavia, Scotland, Spain and Portugal, Switzerland.[14]

Among its newspaper subscriptions in 1844 were the Churchman, Evening Post, Examiner, Journal of Commerce, Morning Courier, New York American, New York Commercial Advertiser, New York Evangelist, New York Observer, New York Tribune, Niles Weekly Register, and Noticioso de Ambos Mundos.[15] Among the library's magazine subscriptions in 1844 were: Ainsworth's Magazine, American Journal of Science and the Arts, American Phrenological Journal, American Rail Road Journal, Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Athenaeum, Bentley's Miscellany, Blackwood's Magazine, British and Foreign Review, Chambers's Edinburgh Journal, Chemical Gazette, Christian Examiner, Dublin University Magazine, Eclectic Museum of Foreign Literature, Eclectic Review, Edinburgh Review, Foreign Quarterly Review, Franklin Institute's Journal, Frazer's Magazine, Gardener's Magazine, Gentleman's Magazine, Graham's Magazine, Knickerbocker, Ladies Companion, Mechanic's Magazine, Merchants Magazine, Metropolitan Magazine, Mirror, Nautical Magazine, New Monthly Magazine, Penny Magazine, Philosophical Magazine, Phrenological Journal, Quarterly Review, Repertory of Patent Inventions, Sailor's Magazine, Southern Literary Messenger, Tait's Edinburgh Magazine, United Service Journal, United States Magazine and Democratic Review, and Westminster Review.[15]

In addition to reading materials, as of the 1850s the Association owned "a cabinet of minerals and shells, a collection of revolutionary medals, miscellaneous coins, various paintings, statue of the 'Dancing Girl Reposing', Minerva, and a bust of Philip Stone.[16]

Reading room, Mercantile Library Association, New York City, circa 1871

1854-1960s

By 1853, the Association had over 4,000 members[17] and over 30,000 volumes, and in 1854, the library moved again, this time uptown to the Astor Opera House building on Lafayette Street between Astor Place and East 8th Street.[8] The opera house had closed its doors as a result of the Astor Place riot of 1849, and the building was sold for $140,000[18] to the Association, which renamed it "Clinton Hall" and moved the library there as a place which was more convenient to its members.[8] At its new location, the Association offered classes and public lectures, including by Frederick Douglass, William Thackeray, and Mark Twain,[4] and functioned as a cultural center.[8]

Membership during this period reached at least 12,000, while the library itself amassed 120,000 volumes, making it the largest circulating library in the United States at the time.[8] By 1872 the library contained works of biography; history, geography and travels; literature; mathematics; medical science; mental and moral science; natural sciences; political science; the arts; and theology.[19] However, because the library did not stay open late at night, its services were not generally available to the working class, a deficit which was remedied when the Cooper Union opened a block east on Astor Place: its reading room was open until 10 p.m.[20]

In 1891, requiring more space, the Association tore down the opera house and replaced it with an 11-story building designed by George E. Harney,[21] which it also named "Clinton Hall". The new building featured a reading room on the top floor that was two-stories high,[7][22] and was to remain the headquarters for its library operations, which included 7 branches, until 1920, when it relocated to rented space.[7] However, in 1932, the library once again had its own building, at 17 East 47th Street, designed by Henry Otis Chapman.[7][23] Here, the Association maintained its 230,000 volumes to serve 3,000 subscribers.[7][8] The library at this time still had branches at 149 Broadway at Liberty Street and 598 Madison Avenue at 57th Street.[7]

1970s–2000s

11-story Clinton Hall building replaced the Opera House as headquarters. In later years it was the Chinese consulate,[24] a union headquarters, the Astor Place Hotel, an office building, and, currently, condominiums.
The Center for Fiction's current headquarters at 17 East 47th Street

Membership in the library declined through the following decades, and the library sold off parts of its collection in the 1970s. "In 1971 the theological collection was sold, in 1977 the foreign language collection was sold."[7] It also attempted a merger with Pace College, but this did not occur. By 1987 the library was in financial distress, and closed for the summer of 1987, and then indefinitely in 1989, at a time when its membership was only 375 people. The Association subsequently reorganized and reopened, with a new focus on fiction and literature.

In 1998, the ground floor of the building was renovated by Beyer Blinder Belle.[7] The library – colloquially known as "The Merc" – had considered moving to a new location in 2008,[25][26] but subsequently decided to remain at its historic Midtown Manhattan location.

Center for Fiction, 2005–present

Since 2005 known as The Center for Fiction,[1] the organization presents a diverse program of free or low-cost public events, featuring over 100 authors, translators, and critics each year. The Center also offers reading groups and writing workshops, open to the public, led by writers and scholars.

Awards

The Center bestows a number of awards annually:

See also

References

Bibliography

Notes

  1. 1 2 "History". Center for Fiction. Retrieved February 9, 2014.
  2. ↑ Eisenberg, Anne. "Libraries of Gracious Reading, for Members Only" New York Times (June 11, 2006)
  3. ↑ "Collection" at the Center for Fiction website. Accessed: November 1, 2010
  4. 1 2 3 "Mission & History" at the Center for Fiction website Accessed: November 1, 2010
  5. 1 2 Burrows & Wallace, p. 498
  6. ↑ For additional context, see: List of libraries in 19th-century New York City
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Gray, Christopher. "Streetscapes/17 East 47th Street; The Mercantile Library Finds a New Literary Life" New York Times (May 6, 2001)
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Pascu
  9. ↑ Tomassi, Noreen. “A History of the Mercantile Library of New York” at the Center for Fiction website. Accessed: July 31, 2013
  10. ↑ See
    • Perris, William. Maps of the City of New-York 1852 Vol. 1 (Perris & Browne, 1852), Plate 6. Online at The New York Public Library Digital Collections website, Image ID 1270004. (Today the Temple Court Building and Annex, a later landmark, occupies the site.)
    • An advertisement for the included Clinton Hotel: New-York Evening Post (December 17, 1830), p. 3 col. 2
    • For the architect, and the origin of the hall's name, a report on the cornerstone ceremony which notes that “a short time previous to the meeting [to plan for a new building], the melancholy tidings had been announced to our citizens, that the Governor of the State – the patriot and public-spirited Clinton had closed his mortal career…[This prompted] a determination that the edifice which was about to be founded should be honored with his illustrious name.” New York Spectator (July 24, 1829), p. 2 (section headed “Tuesday, July 21, 1829”)
  11. ↑ Archive listing at the New York Times website
  12. ↑ "Mercantile Library Lectures" New York Times (February 17, 1852)
  13. ↑ "Oliver Wendell Holmes commences..." New York Times (October 28, 1853)
  14. ↑ "Classified Catalogue: List of Subjects", Catalogue of the Mercantile Library in New York, 1844
  15. 1 2 "Classified Catalogue: Periodicals", Catalogue of the Mercantile Library in New York, 1844
  16. ↑ William Jones Rhees (1859), "New York: Mercantile Library Association", Manual of Public Libraries, Institutions, and Societies in the United States, Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott & Co., pp. 277–287, OL 6937678M
  17. ↑ Burrows & Wallace, p.733
  18. ↑ "The Mercantile Library" New York Times (June 1, 1854)
  19. ↑ "Synopsis of the Classified Index", Second Supplement to the Catalogue of Books, NY: Mercantile Library Association, 1872
  20. ↑ Burrows & Wallace, p.782
  21. ↑ White, Norval & Willensky, Elliot (2000), AIA Guide to New York City (4th ed.), New York: Three Rivers Press, ISBN 978-0-8129-3107-5
  22. ↑ See
  23. ↑ "Our Building" at the Center for Fiction website Accessed: November 1, 2010
  24. ↑ Brozan, Nadine "Postings: On a Triangular Site at 21 Astor Place; 50 Ultramodern Condominiums Behind an Exterior From 1890" New York Times (April 6, 2003)
  25. ↑ Koppel, Lily "Mercantile Library Moves, and Gets a Nudge Into the 21st Century" New York Times (June 3, 2008)
  26. ↑ Konigsberg, Eric. "Historic Merc Library Will Move: Fiction, or Fact" New York Times City Room blog (May 23, 2008)
  27. ↑ "ArtsBeat: Daniel Halpern, Founding Editor of Ecco, Still Inspired by Poetry". Archy Nety. December 8, 2015.

Further reading

Issued by the Mercantile Library
Catalogues
About the Mercantile Library
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