Bugei jūhappan
The Bugei Juhappan (武芸十八般 "Eighteen kinds of martial arts") were a selection of combat techniques and corollary arts used by the samurai of Tokugawa-era Japan. The concept was established by Hirayama Gyozo, based on earlier Chinese traditions such as Eighteen Arms of Wushu.[1][2]
The eighteen arts consisted of a mixture of native Japanese and imported Chinese martial techniques and tactics. The exact list varies, but is commonly held to include:
- Kyujutsu, archery
- Sojutsu, spear-fighting
- Kenjutsu, fencing
- Iaijutsu, sword-drawing
- Tantojutsu, knife-fighting
- Juttejutsu, fighting with a truncheon
- Shurikenjutsu, throwing weapons
- Naginatajutsu, fighting with a polearm
- Hojutsu, shooting (with firearms)
- Bojutsu, stick-fighting
- Kusarigamajutsu, fighting with a chain-and-sickle
- Hojojutsu, tying up an opponent
- Bajutsu, horseriding
- Suieijutsu, swimming in armour
- Ninjutsu, espionage
Other arts which were often included in the list of eighteen were:
- Chikujojutsu, fortifying a castle against siege
- Yawara, wrestling
- Fukumibarijutsu, needle-spitting
- Yabusame, mounted archery
- Mojirijutsu, fighting with a barbed staff[3]
- Yadomejutsu, deflecting flying arrows
- Saiminjutsu, hypnotism[4]
- Jujutsu, grappling and fighting unarmed.
References
- ↑ Friday, Karl F.; Seki, Humitake (1997). Legacies of the Sword: The Kashima-Shinryū and Samurai Martial Culture ([Online-Ausg.]. ed.). Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press. p. 199. ISBN 0824818792.
- ↑ Chozanshi, Issai; Wilson, William Scott (2006). The Demon's Sermon on the Martial Arts and Other Tales (1st ed.). Tokyo: Kodansha International. p. 9. ISBN 4770030185.
- ↑ Deal, William E. (2007). Handbook to Life in Medieval and Early Modern Japan. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195331265.
- ↑ Lowry, Dave; Furuya, Daniel (1985). Autumn Lightning: The Education of an American Samurai. Boston: Shambala. p. 9. ISBN 0394730275.
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