Bise

For other uses, see Bise (disambiguation).

France

In France, the bise is a northern wind, cold and generally dry. It may also refer to a traditional French greeting among close friends and family members. It consists of two, three, or four kisses on the cheek. The number depends on the region where the person lives.

Switzerland

Bise on Lake Geneva

In Switzerland, the Bise is a cold, dry wind from northeast which blows through the Swiss Midland.[1] It is caused by canalisation of the air-current along the northern edge of the Alps, during high-pressure conditions in northern or eastern Europe respectively.[2] Towards western Midland, the Bise is pressed between the Jura mountains and Pre-Alps whereby it strengthens and mostly climaxes on the western shore of Lake Geneva.[3] In summer, Bise wind causes rather dry and sunny weather whereas in winter, it frequently forms low stratus clouds over the Midland by strengthening the inversion layer.[4] Many foreign travellers to this Swiss city have commented upon it.[5][6]

The strength of Bise wind can be determined by the analysis of the air pressure difference (in hectopascal [hPa]) between Geneva and Guettingen (TG).[7] Bise arises as soon as the air pressure in Guettingen (TG) is higher than in Geneva.[8] The greater this air pressure difference, the stronger the Bise blows through the Midland.[9] In case of an inverted air pressure difference (low air pressure in Guettingen (TG) and high air pressure in Geneva), the opposite of Bise occurs: The wind blows from southwest through the Midland.[10]

Use and Etymology

An alternative form in English is Biz.[11] The term entered Middle English from French bise. Its origin is unknown.[12]

References

  1. ↑ http://www.meteocentrale.ch/en/weather/foehn-and-bise/bise.html
  2. ↑ http://www.meteocentrale.ch/en/weather/foehn-and-bise/bise.html
  3. ↑ http://www.meteocentrale.ch/en/weather/foehn-and-bise/bise.html
  4. ↑ http://www.meteocentrale.ch/en/weather/foehn-and-bise/bise.html
  5. ↑ Fredrika Bremer, Two Years in Switzerland and Italy, Hurst and Blackett 1861, p.258
  6. ↑ The Century: A Popular Quarterly by Making of America Project, The Century Co. 1909, p.463
  7. ↑ http://www.meteocentrale.ch/en/weather/foehn-and-bise/bise.html
  8. ↑ http://www.meteocentrale.ch/en/weather/foehn-and-bise/bise.html
  9. ↑ http://www.meteocentrale.ch/en/weather/foehn-and-bise/bise.html
  10. ↑ http://www.meteocentrale.ch/en/weather/foehn-and-bise/bise.html
  11. ↑ Mary Shelley, The Last Man, vol. 3 ch. 8.
  12. ↑ W. R. Trumble; A. Stevenson, eds.,Shorter Oxford Dictionary, Oxford University Press 2002


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