Kahn Singh Nabha
| Kahn Singh Nabha | |
|---|---|
 Bhai Kahn Singh Nabha | |
| Born |
30 August 1861 Sabaz Banera, Patiala State[1] |
| Died |
23 November 1938 (aged 77) Nabha, Nabha State |
| Occupation | Encyclopedist, Lexicographer |
| Nationality | Sikh |
| Ethnicity | Punjabi |
| Website | |
|
www | |
Bhai Kahn Singh Nabha (30 August 1861 – 24 November 1938) was a Punjabi Sikh lexicographer and encyclopedist. His most influential work, Mahan Kosh, inspired generations of scholars after him.[1] He also played a role in the Singh Sabha movement.
Biography
He was born to Narain Singh and Har Kaur at the village of Sabaz Banera, located in what was then Patiala State.[1] His father, Narain Singh succeeded to the charge of Gurdwara Dera Baba Ajaypal Singh at Nabha, after the death of his grandfather Sarup Singh in 1861.[1] Kahn Singh was the eldest of three brothers (the other two being Meehan Singh and Bishan Singh) and one sister (Kahn Kaur).
He did not attend any school or college for formal education, but studied several branches of learning on his own. By the age of 10 he was able to quote freely from the Guru Granth Sahib and Dasam Granth.[1] In Nabha, he studied sanskrit classics with local pandits and studied under the famous musicologist Mahant Gajja Singh.[1] In Delhi, he studied persian with Mawlawis.[1]
In 1883, he continued his study of persian for two years and assisted Bhai Gurmukh Singh, a leader in the Singh Sabha Movement, in publishing Sudhararak.[1] In 1887, he was appointed the tutor to Ripudaman Singh, heir apparent to Nabha State. He continued to serve Nabha State in several capacities, from the personal secretary of Maharaja Hira Singh to judge of the High Court. Between 1915-17, he served Patiala State.[1]
In 1885, he had a chance meeting with Max Arthur Macauliffe which led to a lifelong friendship as well as scholarly collaboration between the two. When Max Arthur Macauliffe was researching his six volume work entitled "The Sikh Religion", Kahn Singh helped Macauliffe in his study of Sikh scriptures and the history of early Sikhism.[1] When it was published by the Clarendon Press Kahn Singh was assigned the copyright of the work.[1]
Works and compositions
His books Gurmat Prabhakar and Gurmat Sudhakar are the standard guide books for understanding Sikhism. His work, Mahan Kosh (known as the Sikh encyclopedia), is his magnum opus. He published magazine Khalsa Gazette and is also regarded as one of the founders of the weekly newspaper, Khalsa Akhbar. Works from the period 1882-1911 include:
- Raj Dharam - This was his first book written at a time when he was serving with Maharaja Hira Singh. This was published and distributed on government expense.
- Ham Hindu Nahin (We are not Hindus) - First published in 1898,[2][3] the book is a critique on the distinction of the Sikh religion and identity. Bhai Kahn Singh stressed upon the distinct identity of the Sikhs; separate from any other, specially Hinduism. Initially published in Hindi, it was later translated into Punjabi.
- Gurmat Prabhakar - This book was published in 1898. Studded with beautiful examples from Sri Guru Granth Sahib, this book condemns the superstitions prevailing in the Indian society. Difficult words have been made simpler through special commentaries at different places in the book.
- Gurmat Sudhakar - Published in 1899, this book contains evidences from Dasam Granth, Works of Bhai Gurdas, Janam Sakhi Guru Nanak, Gurbilas, Guru Nanak Prakash, Suraj Prakash, Panth Prakash, Sau Sakhi (Guru Ratan Mala), Rehatnama, etc. supporting the various practices and beliefs of Sikhism.
- Sad Parmarth
- Gurchhand Diwakar
- Gur Shabdalankar
- Roop Deep Pingal
- Guru Shabad Ratnakar Mahan Kosh - An encyclopedia of Sikh literature started in 1912, this beautiful masterpiece was accomplished in 1926 after 14 years of research and painstaking effort and finally published by the princely state of Patiala. The state spent Rs.51,000 on its publishing. At 3338 pages, the book was divided into four volumes and was priced at Rs.110. It still serves as one of the most reliable reference material for research on Sikh faith and beliefs and also on the Punjabi culture.
- Gurmat Martand
- Gur Mahima Sangraha - This book contained the biographies and important works reflecting the Sikh thought of some of the most famous Punjabi and Hindi poets. It is considered as a very important Historical document and still remains unpublished.
- Anekarthak Kosh
- Naam mala kosh
See also
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Singh, Satyindra (1995). Harbans Singh, ed. The Encyclopedia of Sikhism (2nd ed.). Patiala: Punjabi University, Patiala.
- ↑ Nabha, Kahn Singh (2011). ਹਮ ਹਿੰਦੂ ਨਹੀਂ (in Punjabi). Amritsar: Singh Brothers. p. 128. ISBN 978-81-7205-051-1.
- ↑ "Ham Hindu Nahin". TheSikhEncyclopedia.com. Retrieved 24 July 2012.
External links
- Works by or about Kahn Singh Nabha at Internet Archive
- Bhai Kahn Singh Nabha
- Punjabi’s pioneering encyclopaedist - on The Sunday Tribune, India.
- Nabha
- Historical documents on Kahn Singh Nabha
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