Berisha (tribe)

For other uses, see Berisha.
Berisha

Albanian bajraks (1918). Berisha is numbered 16.
Ethnicity Albanian
Current region Northern Albania, Kosovo, Macedonia
Place of origin Berishë, Pukë
Connected families Piperi, Asqur, Alshiqi, Dodo, Gec, Mertur, Livosh, Kuqi, Buzë, Madhja

Berisha is a tribe and is located in the region of Pukë in northern Albania. It is one of seven tribes of the Pukë highland and one of twelve tribes of the Kanuni I Lekë Dukagjinit. [1] Berisha is a Catholic tribe, they were initially Christians, but many of them converted to Islam. Numerous members of Berisha tribe migrated to Kosovo and other areas of Albania.

History

The name of Berisha tribe was recorded in 1691 as Berisa.[2]

Edith Durham recorded at the beginning of 20th century that members of Berisha and Merturi tribe claimed they were the oldest highlands tribe,[3] which is accepted as accurate.[4] According to tradition, the tribe descends from a Kol Poga,[5] an ancestor of the Kuči,[6] who are one of the Serb highlander tribes of Montenegro. There are members of the Berisha tribe who confirm that the tribe descend from Kuči and that they were Orthodox Christians before, while others claim that only a part of the tribe descend from Kuči.[7] The Berisha and Kuči do not marry each other.[8] The members of the Berisha tribe and the Vušović family from Velika (in Montenegro) are taken as being part of the same tribe.[9][10] According to some stories the Arrnji tribe in Luma is an offshoot of the Berisha.[11]

In the fifteenth century the Berisha were in conflict with the Turks, and in particular, with the Kabashi tribe, the Turks were able to conquer virtually all of Berisha territory, with exception of the church of Berisha. Some of the population was then exiled to the coast and other sent abroad to a place called Mahmur Dedi.[12]

In the 18th century the berisha tribe was in a conflict with Mahmut Bey Begolli, he is said to have burnt the whole Berisha to ashes. He also seized the bell of the church of Berisha and took it as a booty and took many Berisha women and children as his prisoners. For these deeds, he was murdered by Osman Deda of Berisha and Gjonush Pali from Shllaku, both of whom were subsenquently executed. [13]

Durham also published an opinion of Franz Nopcsa who stated that the Berisha tribe occupied a much bigger territory but were driven from its major part by the Thaçi tribe.[14]

In 1917 this tribe had a population of about 1,700 people.[2] In the 1920s, the whole Berisha tribe, under the leadership of Azem Galica, revolted against the authorities of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.[15]

Migration to Kosovo

Many members of the Berisha tribe migrated to Kosovo, mostly to the region of Gjakova, and converted to Islam. According to British intelligence report, the reason for this migration was the small size of the territory this tribe controlled.[16] The feast of the Catholic Berisha who lived in villages around Peć was the Assumption of Mary (to which they refer to as Zoja e Berishes, or Zoja e Alshiqes, because the Alshiqi are the most numerous).[17] The family name Berisha is derived from the name of the tribe and is particularly common among Albanians in Kosovo.[2] In 1890 Islamized Berisha and Krasniqi in Kosovo allied against Albanian-speaking Catholics from Fandis and attacked their villages – they burned and plundered houses of Fandis, sparing only those of their Muslim lords.[18]

Families

Kosovo

Many Islamized Serbian families in Kosovo entered the fis of Berisha.[20][21] Romani families in Podrima and in the Đakovica srez are under the fis of Berisha, as they are the most powerful in that region,[22] while Magjupi are under Berisha or Gashi.[23]

Montenegro

Notable people

By birth
By descent

See also

References

  1. ↑ http://puka.shqiperia.com/index/artikull/artID/405/titulli/Berisha-e-Pukes-neper-shekuj
  2. 1 2 3 Elsie 2010, p. 48.
  3. ↑ Edith Durham (1987). High Albania. LO Beacon Press. p. 189. ISBN 978-0-8070-7035-2. Retrieved 12 May 2013. The people of Berisha and Merturi (the tribe on the other side of the Drin) claim to be the oldest tribes of the mountains
  4. ↑ I. M. Lewis (1970). History and social anthropology. Taylor & Francis. p. 254. GGKEY:NAZBRW74E6J. Retrieved 12 May 2013.
  5. ↑ The Tribes of Albania:History, Society and Culture. Robert Elsie. p. 185.
  6. ↑ Konstantin Jireček (1923). Istorija Srba. Izdavačka knjižarnica G. Kona. p. 58. Retrieved 17 May 2013. По предању, родоначелник Куча био је Грча Ненадин, од чијих пет синова, Петра, Ђурђа, Тиха, Леша и Мара потичу њихова братства. Праотац Кастрата је Крсто, а Шаљана Шако; обојица су тобоже били браћа нареченог Грчина, док би Берише били потомци баш самога Грче.
  7. ↑ Akademija nauka i umjetnosti Bosne i Hercegovine. Balkanološki institut (1959). Djela. p. 96. Retrieved 17 May 2013. Има Бериша који веле да су старином из Куча и да су били православни. Друти веле да је само један Део Бериша од Куча,
  8. ↑ Etnografski institut (Srpska akademija nauka i umetnosti) (1958). Glasnik Etnografskog instituta. p. 96. Retrieved 17 May 2013. Бериши и Кучи не орођавају се међусобом.
  9. ↑ Никола Чупић (1898). Годишњица Николе Чупића. Штампа Државне штампарије Краљевине Југославије. p. 127. Retrieved 18 May 2013. Исто се тако држе за једно племе Берише с Вушовићима из Велике.
  10. ↑ Brastvo. 30. Društvo sv. Save. 1939. p. 129. Тако, за једно се племе држе Берише и Вушовићи из Велике.
  11. ↑ Sir John Linton Myres; Harold St. John Loyd Winterbotham; F. Longland (1945). Albania. Naval Intelligence Division. p. 156. Retrieved 18 May 2013. ARRNJI, a tribe or clan in the Arrn district of Luma, said to be an offshoot of Berisha
  12. ↑ The Tribes of Albania:History, Society and Culture. Robert Elsie. p. 185.
  13. ↑ The Tribes of Albania:History,Society and Culture. Robert Elsie. p. 186.
  14. ↑ Mary Edith Durham (1928). Some tribal origins, laws and customs of the Balkans. George Allen & Unwin. p. 27. Retrieved 12 May 2013. The Berisha people state that they have always been in their present homeland. They formerly, says Nopcsa, occupied more, but were driven from Ibalja by the Thachi.
  15. ↑ Dragi Maliković (2005). Kačački pokret na Kosovu i Metohiji: 1918–1924. Institut za srpsku kulturu. p. 140. Retrieved 12 May 2013. цело албанско племе Бериша било устало против југословенских државних органа под вођством Азема Бејте
  16. ↑ Miranda Vickers (1998). Between Serb and Albanian: a history of Kosovo. Hurst & Co. p. 50. Retrieved 12 May 2013. The same British intelligence report cited above states that the small size of the district belonging to the Berisha tribe 'caused many to emigrate, particularly in the direction of Djakovica to the North-West, where they occupy many villages.
  17. ↑ Bulletin of the Ethnographical Institute. 4–6. Naučno delo. 1957. p. 366. У овим селима Берише славе "Велику Госпу", коју зову "Zoja e Berishes", или "Zoja e Alshiqes" (пошто су Алшићи најбројније Берише)
  18. ↑ Hannes Grandits; Nathalie Clayer; Robert Pichler (15 May 2011), Conflicting Loyalties in the Balkans: The Great Powers, the Ottoman Empire and Nation-Building, I.B.Tauris, p. 200, ISBN 978-1-84885-477-2
  19. ↑ Milutin R. Đuričić (1979). Čuvari bese. Srpska akademija nauka i umjetnosti. p. 79. Окружни суд у Пећи осуди два сина А. Берише из Трстеника за убиство. Цело братство Бериша у Трстенику (махала од 8 кућа), бојећи се освете, било је у кућном притвору и очекивало најезду фиса ...
  20. ↑ Balcanica. 7–8. Srpska Akademija Nauka i Umetnosti, Balkanolos̆ki Institut. 1976. p. 324. Предак рода Жарк у Бичевцу се по поисламл>иван>у осло- нио не на CBoje сел>ане веЬ на арбанашке родове у суседним селима Раки и Дубрави и ступио у н>ихов фис (Берише) [...] ушли су у Берише, фис
  21. ↑ Serbian ethnographic series. Srpska akademija nauka i umetnosti. 1965. p. 148. Поисламл>ени и поарбанашени српски род ]е Клопан (4 к.). Ушао ]е у Берише, фис
  22. ↑ Etnografski institut 1967, p. 85, "У Подрими и у Ђаковичком срезу Цигани се издају већином за Берише, јер је тај фис ...".
  23. ↑ Etnografski institut 1967, p. 94, "Сви су Мађупи и издају се већином за Берише и Гашане. Две породице веле да су Битичи.".
  24. ↑ Etnografski institut 1967, pp. 104-105, "Берииши-Алшићи (4 дом.) су дошли право из Алшића, неки пре 50, неки пре 35 година.".
  25. ↑ Akademija nauka i umjetnosti Bosne i Hercegovine. Balkanološki institut (1959). Djela. p. 44. католици: родови Алшићи у Дољу (1 к)
  26. ↑ Etnografski institut 1967, p. 104.
  27. ↑ http://www.thealbanian.co.uk/134225.html. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  28. ↑ http://puka.shqiperia.com/index/artikull/artID/405/titulli/Berisha-e-Pukes-neper-shekuj. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  29. ↑ . The Albanian http://www.thealbanian.co.uk/134225.html. Pra 4 nga politikanët më të rëndësishëm jeni nga një zonë? Nga një zonë, por Ramizi nuk është Berishë, është nga Fshati Kasaj …Hasani dhe Jahjaga janë Berishë. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  30. ↑ http://www.kosovalive360.com/ramush-haradinaj-u-nderua-me-cmimin-qytetar-nderi-i-pukes.html. Missing or empty |title= (help)

Sources

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