Battle of Szina
| Battle of Szina | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the Hungarian campaign of 1527-1528 | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
| Kingdom of Szapolyai Hungarians; Serb, Transylvanian, and Polish mercenaries |
Habsburg Monarchy Holy Roman Empire and the Habsburg-party Hungarians | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
| János Szapolyai |
Johann von Katzianer, Bálint Török | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
| 15,000 | 13-14,000 | ||||||
The Battle of Szina (Slovak: Bitka pri Seňa, Hungarian: Szinai csata) took place near Seňa (Hungarian: Szina, now Abaújszina) in present-day Slovakia. The battle was fought on March 20, 1528, between King János Szapolyai of Hungary, and Austrian forces under command of Bálint Török and Johann Katzianer, a Styrian mercenary commander of Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor. The battle was the second military defeat for Szapolyai.
Preparations
After the Battle of Mohács, where King Louis II of Hungary was killed, János Szapolyai, voivod of Transylvania, ascended to the Hungarian throne. However, the Austrian Ferdinand also had a claim to the throne via the House of Habsburgs intermarriages with Louis II's Jagiellon dynasty. In 1527 Ferdinand mounted an offensive against King János. He was initially successful, with an early victory in the Battle of Tarcal (near Tokaj).
Szapolyai recruited a new army, and in 1528 advanced into Hungary with an army of approximately 15 thousand men, including Transylvanian, Polish and Serbian forces, but few Hungarians. The Slovenian-born Johann von Katzianer and Bálint Török marched against Szapolyai with a Hungarian-Austrian-German army (approximately 13-14 thousand men) and met Szapolyai's army near Košice.
The battle
The presence of Török and Katzianer near Košice prevented Szapolyai's army from marching on the capital city Buda. In the meantime, discord broke out in Szapolya's army between the Serbian and Polish mercenaries. Szapolyai's cavalry and infantry was less skilled than the German infantry (the landsknechts), but the Polish mercenaries fought gallantly against the Austrians. In Szapolyai's army, 300 Polish soldiers and a few thousand other men were killed.
After Szapolyai's defeat, he was pursued by Bálint Török and Lajos Pekry; he fled into Poland seeking help. When Polish King Sigismund I the Old declined to proclaim war against Austria, Szapolyai turned to Suleiman I, Sultan of Ottomans for help. Suleiman then sent Peter, voivod of Moldavia, into Transylvania. Voivod Peter defeated Ferdinand in the Battle of Feldioara, and the Ottoman army (including Moldavians and Serbs) lay siege to Vienna.
Sources
- Sándor Szilágyi: History of the Hungarian Nation (A Magyar Nemzet Története)
- Military History of Hungary, Editor: Ervin Liptai Zrínyi Military Publisher, Budapest 1985. ISBN 963-326-337-9