Batroun

Batroun البترون
City
Street in Batroun
Batroun Location within Lebanon
Coordinates: 34°15′0″N 35°39′0″E / 34.25000°N 35.65000°E / 34.25000; 35.65000Coordinates: 34°15′0″N 35°39′0″E / 34.25000°N 35.65000°E / 34.25000; 35.65000
Country	Lebanon
Governorate	North Governorate
District	Batroun District
Elevation	34 m (112 ft)
Population
• Total	45,000
Time zone	EET (UTC+2)
• Summer (DST)	EEST (UTC+3)
Dialing code	+961 (6) Landline

Batroun (Greek: Βοτρύς, Botrys; Arabic: البترون‎‎, al-Batrun; Aramaic: בתרון‎‎, Bitron) is a coastal city in northern Lebanon and one of the oldest cities in the world. It is the capital city of Batroun District.

Etymology

The name Batroun derives from the Arabic al-Batroun, itself from the Greek, Botrys (also spelled Bothrys), which was later Latinized to Botrus. Historians believe that the Greek name of the town originates from the Phoenician word, bater, which means to cut and it refers to the maritime wall that the Phoenicians built in the sea to protect them from tidal waves.^[1] Other historians believe that the name of the town is derivative of the Phoenician words, beit truna, which translates to house of the chief.

Tourism

"Makaad El Mir" ruins by the rocky beach in Batroun, Lebanon

St. Stephen's Church

Our Lady of the Seas

Ancient Phoenician wall built for protection from tidal waves

Batroun is a major tourist destination in North Lebanon. The town boasts historic churches from Roman Catholicism and Greek Orthodox. The town is also a major beach resort (knowing that batroun is one of the cleanest rock and pebble beaches in Lebanon) with a vibrant nightlife that includes pubs and nightclubs. Citrus groves surround Batroun, and the town has been famous (from the early twentieth century) for its fresh lemonade sold at the cafés and restaurants on its main street.

Demography

The people of Batroun are mainly Maronite, Melkite and Greek Orthodox Christians. Batroun is a Roman Catholic (Latin rite) Titular See^[2][3][4]

History

Batroun is likely the "Batruna" mentioned in the Amarna letters dating to the 14th century B.C. Batroun was mentioned by the ancient geographers Strabo, Pliny, Ptolemy, Stephanus Byzantius, and Hierocles. Theophanes called the city "Bostrys."^[5]

The Phoenicians founded Batroun on the southern side of the promontory called in Antiquity, Theoprosopon and during the Byzantine Empire, Cape Lithoprosopon. Batroun is said to have been founded by Ithobaal I (Ethbaal), king of Tyre, whose daughter Jezabel (897-866 B.C.) married Ahab.^[6]

The city was under Roman rule to Phoenicia Prima province, and later after the region was Christianized became a suffragan of the Patriarchate of Antioch.

In 551, Batroun was destroyed by an earthquake, which also caused mudslides and made the Cape Lithoprosopon crack.^[7] Historians believe that Batroun's large natural harbor was formed during the earthquake.^[8]

Three Greek Orthodox bishops are known to have come from Batroun: Porphyrius in 451, Elias about 512 and Stephen in 553 (Lequien, II, 827). According to a Greek Notitia episcopatuum, the Greek Orthodox See has existed in Batroun since the tenth century when the city was then called Petrounion. After the Muslim conquests of the region, the name was Arabicized to Batroun.

One of Batroun's medieval archaeological sites is the Crusader citadel of Mousaylaha which is constructed on an isolated massive rock with steep sides protruding in the middle of a plain surrounded by mountains.^[9]

Under Ottoman rule, Batroun was the centre of a caza in the mutessariflik of Lebanon and the seat of a Maronite diocese, suffragan to the Maronite patriarchate. Since 1999 it has been the seat of the Maronite eparchy.^[10]

References

External links

• Ortmtlb.org.lb
• Batroun.com

Phoenician cities and colonies
Algeria	Cirta Malaca Igigili Hippo Regius Icosium Iol Tipasa Timgad
Cyprus	Kition Dhali Marion
Greece	Callista Rhodes
Italy	Karalis Lilybaeum Motya Neapolis Nora Olbia Panormus Solki Soluntum Tharros
Lebanon	Amia Ampi Arqa Baalbek Berut Botrys Gebal Sarepta Sur Sydon Tripolis
Libya	Leptis Magna Oea Sabratha
Malta	Gozo Għajn Qajjet Mtarfa Maleth Ras il-Wardija Tas-Silġ
Mauritania / Morocco	Cerne  /  Arambys Caricus Murus Chellah Lixus Tingis
Israel	Achziv Acre Arsuf Caesarea
Portugal	Olissipona Ossonoba
Spain	Abdera Abyla Akra Leuke Gadir Herna Ibossim Sa Caleta, Ibiza Mahón Malaca Onoba Qart Hadašt Rusadir Sexi Tyreche
Syria	Amrit Arwad Safita Shuksi Ugarit
Tunisia	Carthage Hadrumetum Hippo Diarrhytus Kelibia Kerkouane Leptis Parva Sicca Thanae Thapsus Utica
Turkey / others	Myriandrus Phoenicus  /  Gibraltar

Archaeological sites in Lebanon
Aadloun Aaiha Aammiq Aaqbe Ain Aata Ain Choaab Ain Harcha Akbiyeh Akkar plain foothills Al-Bireh Amioun Amlaq Qatih Anjar, Lebanon Antelias cave Apheca Ard Saouda Ard Tlaili Arqa Baalbek Baidar ech Chamout Batroumine Batroun Bechamoun Beirut Beit Mery Berytus (Roman Beirut) Bustan Birke Byblos Canalizations of Zenobia Dahr El Ahmar Dakoue Deir El Aachayer Deir el Ahmar Deir Mar Maroun Dekwaneh Douris (Baalbek) Elaea (Lebanon) Flaoui Fadous Sud Hebbariye Hadeth south Haret ech Cheikh Hashbai Heliopolis in Phoenicia Hermel plains Iaat Jabal es Saaïdé Jbaa Jdeideh Jebel Aabeby Jeita Grotto Joub Jannine Jieh Kafr Zabad Kamid al lawz Kamouh el Hermel Karak Nuh Kaukaba Kefraya Kafr Tebnit Kfar Qouq Kfarhata Khallet Michte Khirbet El-Knese Kouachra megalith field Ksar Akil Labweh Lake Qaraoun (Ain Jaouze) Libbaya Lion Tower Majdal Anjar Mansourieh Maronite mummies Mayrouba Mdoukha (Jebel Kassir) Moukhtara Mtaileb Nabi Zair Nachcharini Nahle, Lebanon Neba'a Faour Nebi Safa Niha Bekaa Phoenician port of Beirut Plain of Zgharta Qaa Qal'at Bustra Qalaat Tannour Qaraoun Qasr el Banat Ras Baalbek I Ras Beirut Ras El Kelb Rashaya Roman Forum of Berytus Roman hippodrome of Berytus Sands of Beirut Saraain El Faouqa Shheem Sidon Sin el Fil Sarepta Stone of the Pregnant Woman Tahun ben Aissa Taire Tayibe Tell Aalaq Tell Ablah Tell Addus Tell Ahle Tell Ain Cerif Tell Ain el Meten Tell Ain Ghessali Tell Ain Nfaikh Tell Ain Saouda Tell Ain Sofar Tell Ayoub Tell Bar Elias Tell Beshara Tell Bir Dakoue Tell Deir Tell Delhamieh Tell Derzenoun Tell Dibbine Tell el-Burak Tell El Ghassil Tell El Hadeth Tell Fadous Tell Hazzine Tell Hoch Rafqa Tell Karmita Tell Khardane Tell Kirri Tell Jezireh Tell Jisr Tell Kabb Elias Tell Majdaloun Tell Masoud Tell Mekhada Tell Meouchi Tell Mureibit Tell Murtafa Tell Nahariyah Tell Neba'a Chaate Tell Neba'a Litani Tell Qasr Labwe Tell Rasm El Hadeth Tell Rayak Tell Saatiya Tell Safiyeh Tell Saoudhi Tell Serhan Tell Shaikh Hassan al Rai Tell Shamsine Tell Sultan Yakoub Tell Taalabaya Tell Wardeen Tell Zenoub Tell Zeitoun Temnin el-Foka Temple of Bacchus Temple of Eshmun Temple of Jupiter Tlail megaliths Toron Tripolis (region of Phoenicia) Tyre Necropolis Tyre, Lebanon Wadi Boura Wadi Koura Wadi Yaroun Yammoune Yanta Ain W Zain Zahlé

Batroun District, North Governorate
Capital: Batroun
Towns and villages	Abdelleh Abrine Assia Batroun Basbina Bchaaleh Beit Kassab Bijdarfil Billa Deir Billa Bqosmaya Chatine Chekka Chibtine Douma Edde Ghouma Hadtoun Hamat Hardine Helta Heri Ijdabra Jran Jrebta Kandoula Kfar Abida Kfar Chleymane Kfar Hatna Kfar Hay Kfar Hilda Kfifane Kfour El Arbi Koubba Kour Madfoun Mazraat Bani Saab Nahleh Rachana Rachkidda Ras Nhash Selaata Smar Jbeil Sourat Tannourine Thoum Wata Hob Zane