Banner grabbing

Banner grabbing is a technique used to glean information about a computer system on a network and the services running on its open ports. Administrators can use this to take inventory of the systems and services on their network. However, an intruder can use banner grabbing in order to find network hosts that are running versions of applications and operating systems with known exploits.

Some examples of service ports used for banner grabbing are those used by Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP), File Transfer Protocol (FTP), and Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP); ports 80, 21, and 25 respectively. Tools commonly used to perform banner grabbing are Telnet, which is included with most operating systems, and Netcat.

For example, one could establish a connection to a target web server using Netcat, then send an HTTP request. The response will typically contain information about the service running on the host:

[root@prober] nc www.targethost.com 80
HEAD / HTTP/1.1

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Mon, 11 May 2009 22:10:40 EST
Server: Apache/2.0.46 (Unix)  (Red Hat/Linux)
Last-Modified: Thu, 16 Apr 2009 11:20:14 PST
ETag: "1986-69b-123a4bc6"
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Content-Length: 1110
Connection: close
Content-Type: text/html

This information may be used by an administrator to catalog this system, or by an intruder to narrow down a list of applicable exploits.

To prevent this, network administrators should restrict access to services on their networks and shut down unused or unnecessary services running on network hosts.

References

McClure, Stuart et al. Hacking Exposed. New York: McGraw-Hill/Osborne, 2005.