iPad (4th generation)

iPad

iPad 4 in Black
Developer Apple Inc.
Manufacturer Foxconn
Product family iPad
Type Tablet computer
Generation 4th
Release date
Discontinued October 16, 2014 (2014-10-16)
Units sold 3 million iPad Minis and fourth-generation iPads were shipped in the first weekend of sale.[12]
Operating system Original: iOS 6.0.1
Current: iOS 10.1.1, released October 31, 2016 (2016-10-31)
System-on-chip used Apple A6X
CPU 1.4 GHz dual core Apple Swift
Memory 1 GB LPDDR2 RAM
Storage 16, 32, 64 or 128 GB flash memory[13]
Display 9.7 inches (250 mm) 2,048 × 1,536 px color IPS LCD display at (264 ppi) with a 4:3 aspect ratio, fingerprint-resistant oleophobic coating
Graphics Quad-core PowerVR SGX554MP4
Input Multi-touch screen, headset controls, proximity and ambient light sensors, 3-axis accelerometer, 3-axis gyroscope, digital compass
Camera Front: 1.2 MP, 720p HD
Rear: OmniVision Technologies OV5650 5.0 MP AF, iSight with Five Element Lens, Hybrid IR filter, video stabilisation, face detection, ƒ/2.4 aperture
Connectivity
Wi-Fi
802.11 a/b/g/n at 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz

Bluetooth 4.0

GSM
UMTS / HSDPA
850, 1900, 2100 MHz
GSM / EDGE
850, 900, 1800, 1900 MHz
CDMA
CDMA/EV-DO Rev. A
800, 1900 MHz
GSM
LTE
700, 800, 850, 900, 1700, 1800, 1900, 2100, 2600 MHz
UMTS / HSDPA/HSPA+ / DC-HSDPA
850, 900, 1900, 2100 MHz
GSM / EDGE
850, 900, 1800, 1900 MHz
CDMA
LTE
700 MHz
CDMA/EV-DO Rev. A
800, 1900 MHz
UMTS / HSDPA/HSPA+/DC-HSDPA
850, 900, 1900, 2100 MHz
GSM / EDGE
850, 900, 1800, 1900 MHz
Power Built-in rechargeable Li-Po battery
11,560 mAh 3.7 V 42.5 W·h (153 kJ)[14]
Online services App Store, iTunes Store, iBookstore, iCloud, Game Center
Dimensions 9.50 in (241 mm) (height)
7.31 in (186 mm) (width)
0.37 in (9.4 mm) (depth)
Weight Wi-Fi model: 1.44 lb (650 g)
Wi-Fi + Cellular model: 1.46 lb (660 g)
Predecessor iPad (3rd generation)
Successor iPad Air
Website www.apple.com/ipad

The fourth-generation iPad (marketed as iPad with Retina display, colloquially referred to as the iPad 4)[15][16] is a tablet computer produced and marketed by Apple Inc. Compared to its predecessor, the fourth-generation iPad maintained the Retina Display but featured new and upgraded components such as the Apple A6X chip, and the Lightning connector, which was introduced on September 12, 2012. It shipped with iOS 6.0, which provides a platform for audio-visual media, including electronic books, periodicals, films, music, computer games, presentations and web content. It has supported 5 major iOS releases, they are iOS 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10. This being the third iPad to support 5 major iOS versions, after the iPad (3rd generation) and the iPad 2.

It was announced at a media conference on October 23, 2012 as the fourth generation of the iPad line, succeeding the third-generation iPad, and was first released on November 2, 2012 in thirty-five countries. The device was released throughout December in ten other countries including China, India and Brazil. The third generation was discontinued following the fourth's announcement, after only seven months of general availability.[17]

The device is available with either a black or white front glass panel and various connectivity and storage options. Storage size options include 16 GB, 32 GB, 64 GB, and 128 GB; the available connectivity options are Wi-Fi only and Wi-Fi + Cellular with LTE capabilities.

The fourth-generation iPad received primarily positive reviews and was praised for its hardware improvements as well as the Retina display, which was also featured in the device's predecessor. Furthermore, benchmarks reveal that the fourth-generation iPad is able to perform CPU-reliant tasks twice as fast as its predecessor. During the first weekend of sales, an aggregated amount of three million fourth-generation iPads and iPad Minis were sold.

History

The California Theatre, where the fourth-generation iPad was announced on October 23, 2012.

Rumors regarding the next-generation iPad emerged shortly after the release of the third-generation iPad. At that point some speculated that the next iPad released would be of a smaller size.[18] Further speculations emerged in July 2012 when DigiTimes, with the help of unspecified sources, claimed that Apple made small revisions to the then upcoming iPad and scheduled its release for late 2012.[19][20] On October 16, 2012, Apple announced a media event scheduled for October 23 at the California Theatre in San Jose, California.[21] The company did not pre-disclose the subject of the event, but it was widely expected to be regarding the iPad Mini.[22] Photographic images of the device's dock connector and front camera emerged shortly before the media event.[23]

At the media event, Apple CEO Tim Cook introduced a new version of iBooks and new generations of the MacBook Pro, Mac Mini, and the iMac before unveiling the fourth-generation iPad and the iPad Mini.[24] During the unveiling, Apple stated that the fourth-generation iPad would be available to pre-order online in a selected number of countries starting October 26.[25] On November 2, Apple released the Wi-Fi model of device in thirty-five countries across Europe, East Asia and North America. The cellular model was released in-store a few weeks after the initial release of the device.[25]

The release of the fourth-generation iPad led to the discontinuation of its predecessor, which angered many third-generation iPad users.[24] In response, Apple extended its 14-day return policy to 30 days. ITProPortal noted that, since the price of both models is identical, consumers that purchased the third-generation iPad within this time frame were effectively allowed to exchange their discontinued device for the fourth-generation model.[26]

On January 29, 2013, Apple announced and scheduled the launch of the 128 GB variant of 4th generation iPad. It was released on February 5, 2013.[27]

Following the announcement of the iPad Air on October 22, 2013, sales of the fourth-generation iPad was discontinued.[28] The fourth-generation iPad was reintroduced on March 18, 2014, following the discontinuation of the iPad 2.[29] In order to make its reintroduction a low-end device to the iPad Air, its price was cut by 20% over its original launch price. On October 16, 2014 the fourth-generation iPad was discontinued in favor of the iPad Air 2 and iPad Mini 3. The iPad Air takes its place as the entry-level iPad.

Features

Software

See also: iOS, iOS 6, iOS 7, iOS 8, iOS 9, and iOS 10

The fourth-generation iPad is shipped with iOS 6.0. It can act as a hotspot with some carriers, sharing its Internet connection over Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, or USB,[30] and also access the Apple App Store, a digital application distribution platform for iOS. The service allows users to browse and download applications from the iTunes Store that were developed with Xcode and the iOS SDK and were published through Apple. From the App Store, GarageBand, iMovie, iPhoto, and the iWork apps (Pages, Keynote, and Numbers) are available.[31]

The iPad comes with several pre-installed applications, including Siri, Safari, Mail, Photos, Video, Music, iTunes, App Store, Maps, Notes, Calendar, Game Center, Photo Booth, and Contacts.[32] Like all iOS devices, the iPad can sync content and other data with a Mac or PC using iTunes, although iOS 5 and later can be managed and backed up without a computer. Although the tablet is not designed to make phone calls over a cellular network, users can use a headset or the built-in speaker and microphone to place phone calls over Wi-Fi or cellular using a VoIP application, such as Skype.[33] The device has a dictation application, using the same voice recognition technology as the iPhone 4S. The user speaks and the iPad types what they say on the screen, though the iPad must have an internet connection available (via Wi-Fi or cellular network) due to the feature's reliance on Apple servers to translate the speech.[30]

The fourth-generation iPad has an optional iBooks application, which displays books and other ePub-format content downloaded from the iBookstore.[34] Several major book publishers including Penguin Books, HarperCollins, Simon & Schuster, and Macmillan have committed to publishing books for the device.[35] Despite being a direct competitor to both the Amazon Kindle and Barnes & Noble Nook,[36] both Amazon.com and Barnes & Noble offer e-reader apps for the iPad.[37][38]

It was announced at the Apple WWDC 2015 that the 4th generation iPad (along with various other iOS devices) will support iOS 9.

It was announced at the Apple WWDC 2016 that the 4th generation iPad (along with various other iOS devices) will support the latest version of iOS, iOS 10, while dropping support to its immediate predecessor the 3rd generation iPad.

Hardware

See also: iPad hardware

The device has an Apple A6X SoC which comprises a 32-bit Apple dual-core CPU running at 1.4 GHz and a quad-core PowerVR SGX554MP4 GPU, 1 GB of RAM.[39] It also features a 5-megapixel, rear-facing camera capable of 1080p video recording; and a 720p HD front-facing videophone camera designed for FaceTime.[40] The device features a 9.7" (diagonal) display with a resolution of 2,048 by 1,536 (QXGA) resulting in 3.1 million pixels, this gives the display a pixel density of 264 ppi. The total number of pixels used in the display of the fourth-generation iPad is four times that of the iPad 2 – providing even scaling from the prior model.[41][42]

As with all previous generations of iPhone and iPad hardware, there are four buttons and one switch on the fourth-generation iPad. With the device in its portrait orientation, these are: a "home" button on the face of the device under the display that returns the user to the home screen, a wake/sleep button on the top edge of the device, and two buttons on the upper right side of the device performing volume up/down functions, under which is a switch whose function varies according to device settings, generally functioning either to switch the device into or out of silent mode or to lock/unlock the orientation of the screen.[13] Externally, the fourth-generation iPad is identical to its predecessor apart from the differences between dock connectors used and change of manufacturers that produce the display.[14] In addition, the Wi-Fi only version weighs 652 grams while the cellular model weighs 662 grams – 2 grams heavier than their respective predecessors.[13][43] The display responds to other sensors: an ambient light sensor to adjust screen brightness and a 3-axis accelerometer to sense orientation and switch between portrait and landscape modes. Unlike the iPhone and iPod Touch's built-in applications, which work in three orientations (portrait, landscape-left and landscape-right), the iPad's built-in applications support screen rotation in all four orientations, including upside-down. Consequently, the device has no intrinsic "native" orientation; only the relative position of the home button changes.[13]

The tablet is manufactured either with or without the capability to communicate over a cellular network. All models can connect to a wireless LAN via Wi-Fi. The fourth-generation iPad is available with 16, 32, 64 or 128 GB of internal flash memory, with no expansion option. Apple sells a "camera connection kit" with an SD card reader, but it can only be used to transfer photos and videos.[13]

The audio playback of the fourth-generation iPad has a frequency response of 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz. Without third-party software it can play the following audio formats: HE-AAC, AAC, Protected AAC, MP3, MP3 VBR, Audible formats (2, 3, 4, AEA, AAX, and AAX+), ALAC, AIFF, and WAV.[13]

This iPad uses an internal rechargeable lithium-ion polymer (LiPo) battery that can hold a charge of 11,560 mAh.[14] The batteries are made in Taiwan by Simplo Technology (60%) and Dynapack International Technology (40%).[44] The iPad is designed to be charged with a relatively high current of 2 amps using the included 12 W USB power adapter and Lightning connector. While it can be charged by an older USB port from a computer, these are limited to 500 milliamps (0.5 amps). As a result, if the iPad is in use while powered by a computer, it may charge very slowly, or not at all. High-power USB ports found in newer computers and accessories provide full charging capabilities.[45] Apple claims that the battery can provide up to 10 hours of video, audio playback, or web surfing on Wi-Fi, 9 hours of web surfing over a cellular connection, or one month on standby.[13] Like any rechargeable battery, the iPad's battery loses capacity over time. However, the iPad's battery is not user-replaceable. In a program similar to iPod and iPhone battery-replacement programs, Apple promised to replace an iPad that does not hold an electrical charge with a refurbished unit for a fee.[46][47] During the battery replacement process, user data is not preserved/transferred, and repaired or refurbished units come with a new case.[48] The warranty on the refurbished unit may vary between jurisdictions.

Accessories

Apple Lightning connector
Main article: iPad accessories

The Smart Cover, introduced with the iPad 2, is a screen protector that magnetically attaches to the face of the iPad. The cover has three folds which allow it to convert into a stand, which is also held together by magnets. The Smart Cover can also assume other positions by folding it.[49] Smart Covers have a microfiber bottom that cleans the front of the iPad, and wakes up the unit when the cover is removed. It comes in five colors of both polyurethane and the more expensive leather.[50][51]

Apple offers several other accessories,[52] most of which are adapters for the proprietary Lightning connector, the only port besides the headphone jack.[13] A dock holds the iPad at an angle, and has a dock connector and audio line-out port. The iPad can use Bluetooth keyboards that also work with Macs and PCs.[53] The iPad can be charged by a standalone power adapter ("wall charger") compatible with iPods and iPhones, and a 12 watt charger is included.[13]

Reception

The fourth-generation iPad received primarily favorable reviews from critics and commentators. The review by Gareth Beavis of TechRadar praised the device for its high resolution Retina Display, which TechRadar wrote is "...one of the most impressive we've seen on a tablet to date." However, the reviewer also wrote that the screen "lacks the 'punch' seen in Super AMOLED screens seen on devices like the Samsung Galaxy Note 2." The review also praised the interface of the iPad for its simple design and easy to use layout.[54] Additionally, other aspects, such as the design of the iPad and updated SoC were noted and praised in the review. Critically, Beavis noted that the iPad can still moderately heat up under medium usage, however not to the extent seen in the third-generation iPad.[54] Tim Stevens of Engadget praised the Retina Display and labelled it as the best screen available on tablets. Benchmarks and tests conducted by Engadget resulted in Stevens concluding that the fourth-generation iPad is the fastest Apple mobile device available, surpassing a "record" that the iPhone 5 held for a brief period.[43]

Benchmark tests conducted by SlashGear concluded that the SoC of the fourth-generation iPad is able to perform CPU-reliant tasks more than twice as fast as that of the third-generation iPad.[55] A series of benchmark tests conducted on the graphics performance of the fourth-generation iPad by Anandtech resulted in the device achieving the highest score compared to other consumer mobile devices, including the Samsung Galaxy S III, Nexus 10 and third-generation iPad. The performance increase of the fourth-generation iPad varies between tests, however an increase is nonetheless evident.[56] Furthermore, battery longevity tests conducted by the same organization suggests that the battery of the fourth-generation iPad is able to last longer than its predecessor. However, the battery of the updated iPad 2 is able to outlast the fourth-generation iPad.[57]

Commercial Reception

In the first weekend of sales of the iPad Mini and fourth-generation iPad, Apple reported that it sold an aggregated number of 3 million units. TechRadar noted that the first weekend sales figures for the fourth-generation iPad are lower than corresponding figures for the third-generation iPad, which sold 3 million units in its first weekend.[12] Subsequent reports and analysis such as that from David Hsieh, a technology analyst, suggest that the iPad mini is selling better than the fourth-generation iPad.[58] Despite the noted slump in sales, Apple's stock price, in direct response to the figures released, rose by 1.4% to $584.62 on November 5.[59]

Criticism

In a repairability review conducted by iFixit, the fourth-generation iPad scored 2 out of 10 (10 being the easiest to repair) due to the use of adhesive to attach components. However, reviewers noted that several components such as the screen and battery could be removed easily for replacement.[14]

Timeline

Source: Apple press release library[60]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Richard Frye (December 3, 2012). "iPad Mini, iPad 4 Released in Israel". Gadget Insiders. Retrieved May 4, 2013.
  2. ↑ José Luis Peñarredonda (December 6, 2012). "El iPad mini ya llegó a Colombia". Enter.co. Retrieved December 14, 2012.
  3. ↑ Gene Ryan Briones (December 7, 2012). "iPad Mini & iPad 4 Debut in China Looks Underwhelming". Ubergizmo. Retrieved December 13, 2012.
  4. ↑ "iPad mini and iPad 4 Goes on Sale in Malaysia Today". Vernonchan.com. December 7, 2012. Retrieved December 13, 2012.
  5. ↑ "iPad, iPad Mini hit SA". iAfrica.com. December 7, 2012. Retrieved December 13, 2012.
  6. ↑ Swapnil Kale (December 9, 2012). "Apple iPad Mini and iPad 4 launched in India". Technoholik.com. Retrieved December 13, 2012.
  7. ↑ Neil Churchill (December 12, 2012). "iPad Mini To Launch In UAE". Gulf Business. Retrieved December 13, 2012.
  8. ↑ Telecompaper (December 16, 2012). "Apple launches iPad 4 in Brazil for BRL 1749". Telecompaper. Retrieved December 27, 2012.
  9. ↑ Andrii Degeler (December 12, 2012). "Apple to bring the iPad mini to Russia on December 14". The Next Web. Retrieved December 14, 2012.
  10. ↑ Esme Jiang; Kendra Lin (December 13, 2012). "iPad mini, new iPad to hit stores in Taiwan". Focus Taiwan. Retrieved December 14, 2012.
  11. ↑ dayjx (December 19, 2012). "iPad with retina display:Philippine release". DayCody.com. Retrieved December 22, 2012.
  12. 1 2 Solomon, Kate (November 5, 2012). "Apple boasts 3 million sales for iPad mini, iPad 4". TechRadar. Retrieved November 6, 2012.
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Apple – The new iPad – View all the technical specifications". Apple. Retrieved March 10, 2012.
  14. 1 2 3 4 "iPad 4 Teardown". iFixit. Retrieved November 6, 2012.
  15. ↑ Murphy, Samantha (October 29, 2012). "Battle of the Tablets: Nexus 10 vs. iPad 4, Surface and Kindle Fire HD [CHART]". Mashable. Retrieved November 6, 2012.
  16. ↑ Ng, Alan (October 29, 2012). "iPad 4 vs. Microsoft Surface by visual review". Product Reviews (PR). Retrieved November 6, 2012.
  17. ↑ D'Orazio, Dante (October 23, 2012). "3rd Generation iPad discontinued, refurbished models available starting at $379". The Verge. Retrieved October 24, 2012.
  18. ↑ Cox, John (April 17, 2012). "iPad 4 rumor rollup for the week ending April 16". Network World. IDG. Retrieved November 7, 2012.
  19. ↑ Kuo, Rebecca; Wolfgram, Alex (July 5, 2012). "Latest iPad has undergone revisions, says sources". DigiTimes. Retrieved November 7, 2012.
  20. ↑ Gilbert, Jason (July 8, 2013). "iPhone 5, iPad Mini Release Date, And iPad '4': This Week In Apple Rumors". Huffington Post. Retrieved November 7, 2013.
  21. ↑ Geller, Johnathon S. (October 16, 2012). "Apple sends out invitation for iPad mini event". Boy Genius Report. Retrieved November 6, 2012.
  22. ↑ Lowensohn, Josh (October 16, 2012). "iPad Mini, anyone? Apple sets Oct. 23 event". CNET. CBS Interactive. Retrieved November 6, 2012.
  23. ↑ Kerr, Dara (October 22, 2012). "Alleged iPad 4 photos hint at HD FaceTime front-facing camera". CNET. CBS Interactive. Retrieved November 7, 2012.
  24. 1 2 Rodriguez, Salvador; Chang, Andrea (October 23, 2012). "Apple debuts iPad mini tablet". LA Times. Retrieved November 6, 2012.
  25. 1 2 "Apple Introduces iPad mini". Apple Inc. October 23, 2012. Retrieved November 6, 2012.
  26. ↑ Sulleyman, Aatif (October 24, 2012). "Reports: recent iPad 3 owners to receive free iPad 4 upgrade". ITProPortal. Retrieved November 7, 2012.
  27. ↑ "Apple Increases iPad with Retina Display to 128GB". Apple Inc. January 29, 2013. Retrieved January 31, 2013.
  28. ↑ Pachal, Pete (October 23, 2013). "Apple Unveils iPad Air". Mashable. Retrieved October 29, 2013.
  29. ↑ Apple kills iPad 2 in favor of 4th-gen Retina display model - Engadget, March 18, 2014
  30. 1 2 "The new iPad: It's a Breakthrough because it features are.". Apple. March 7, 2012. Retrieved March 11, 2012.
  31. ↑ Ankan Deka, Jim (September 14, 2011). "iPad – the Musician's Genie". EF News International. Eastern Fare Music Foundation. Retrieved March 31, 2012.
  32. ↑ "The new iPad – Amazing iPad apps, built right in.". Apple. March 7, 2012. Retrieved March 14, 2012.
  33. ↑ Sarno, David (January 29, 2010). "Apple confirms 3G VoIP apps on iPad, iPhone, iPod touch; Skype is waiting". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved March 31, 2012.
  34. ↑ Patel, Nilay (January 27, 2010). "The Apple iPad: starting at $499". Engadget. AOL. Retrieved April 20, 2012.
  35. ↑ Topolsky, Joshua (January 27, 2010). "Live from the Apple 'latest creation' event". Engadget. AOL. Retrieved February 3, 2010.
  36. ↑ "Apple tablet due March, to get Kindle-killer book deal?". Electronista. MacNN. December 9, 2009. Retrieved April 20, 2012.
  37. ↑ "Free Kindle Reading Apps". Amazon.com. Retrieved April 20, 2012.
  38. ↑ "Free NOOK app for iPad, Download eReader app – Barnes & Noble". Barnes & Noble. Retrieved April 20, 2012.
  39. ↑ Kingston-Hughes, Adrian (October 30, 2012). "iPad 4 benchmark leaks into the wild, shows 1.4GHz processor". ZDNet. Retrieved November 7, 2012.
  40. ↑ Griffith, Chris (March 8, 2012). "Apple launches new iPad with higher resolution screen, and a new Apple TV with HD capability". The Australian. Retrieved March 8, 2012.
  41. ↑ "New iPad will have a 2048×1536 Retina Display". Geek.com. Ziff Davis. March 7, 2012. Retrieved March 21, 2012.
  42. ↑ "What to do with all those extra pixels?". Bjango. Bjango Pty Ltd. June 19, 2010. Retrieved March 21, 2012.
  43. 1 2 Tim Stevens (October 30, 2012). "iPad review (late 2012)". Engadget. Retrieved November 6, 2012.
  44. ↑ Huang, Joyce (June 7, 2010). "Best Under a Billion: Batteries Required?". Forbes. Retrieved April 18, 2012.
  45. ↑ "iPad: Charging the battery". Apple. Retrieved April 18, 2012.
  46. ↑ VanHemert, Kyle (March 13, 2010). "Apple will replace the dead battery of an iPad for $99". Gizmodo. Gawker Media. Retrieved April 18, 2012.
  47. ↑ "iPad Battery Replacement Service: Frequently Asked Questions". Apple. Retrieved April 18, 2012.
  48. ↑ "iPad Battery Replacement Program". GigaOM. GigaOM. March 13, 2010. Retrieved April 18, 2012.
  49. ↑ "iPad 2 Smart Cover Teardown". iFixit. Retrieved April 16, 2012.
  50. ↑ "Apple – Smart Cover". Apple. March 2, 2011. Retrieved April 16, 2012.
  51. ↑ Wright, Josh (October 24, 2011). "iPad 2 Smart Cover colors revised". Macgasm. Retrieved March 30, 2012.
  52. ↑ "iPad must-haves. And fun-to-haves". Apple. Retrieved April 16, 2012.
  53. ↑ Frakes, Dan (April 14, 2012). "iPad Keyboard Dock or Bluetooth Keyboard?". PCWorld. Retrieved March 30, 2012.
  54. 1 2 Beavis, Gareth (November 5, 2012). "New iPad 4 review". TechRadar. Retrieved November 6, 2012.
  55. ↑ Rougeau, Michael (October 30, 2012). "iPad 4 more than twice as fast as iPad 3, benchmarks reveal". TechRadar. Retrieved January 1, 2013.
  56. ↑ Shimpi, Anand Lal (November 2, 2012). "iPad 4 GPU Performance Analyzed: PowerVR SGX 554MP4 Under the Hood". Anandtech. Retrieved January 1, 2013.
  57. ↑ Shimpi, Anand Lal (December 16, 2012). "iPad 4 (Late 2012) Review — Charging and Battery Life". Anandtech. Retrieved January 1, 2013.
  58. ↑ Crothers, Brooke (December 13, 2012). "iPad Mini set to eclipse Retina iPad". CNET. CBS Interactive. Retrieved December 26, 2012.
  59. ↑ Stoukas, Tom; Nazareth Rita (November 5, 2012). "U.S. Stocks Rise Before American Presidential Elections". Bloomberg LP. Retrieved November 6, 2012.
  60. ↑ Apple Inc. (2010–2011). Press Release Library. Retrieved April 3, 2011.

External links

Preceded by
iPad (3rd generation)		 iPad (4th generation)
4th generation 		Succeeded by
iPad Air
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