Anime-influenced animation

The main characters of Teen Titans (2003-2006).

Anime-influenced animation, amerime is an type of media that refers to non-Japanese works of animation that emulate certain aspects of the visual style of Japanese anime.[1] With the rise of anime's popularity it has become an integral part of animation produced in the Western world.

Background

Generally, the term anime refers to a style of animation originating from Japan. As Japanese anime became increasingly popular, Western animation studios began implementing some visual stylizations typical in anime—such as exaggerated facial expressions and "super deformed" versions of characters. In particular, Batman Beyond[2] displayed some characteristics of anime. Particularly for Batman Beyond, some of its production processes were outsourced to Japan.[2]

United States

An example of the anime-influenced animation frequently utilized in Teen Titans.
The Batman characters.

The influence of Japanese anime on Western animation can be seen as far back as the 1980s, when animations such as Transformers were inspired by mecha anime (although the original Transformers anime was Japanese-animated, and its accompanying toy-line were re-issues of Japanese toys, so this may not count as an example). The influence of mecha anime on the Transformers franchise continues today, with the creators of Transformers Animated citing relatively recent Gainax productions, specifically Diebuster and Gurren Lagann, as major influences.[3]

The advent of Japanese anime stylizations appearing in Western animation questioned the established meaning of "anime;"[1] there are several Western animators who collaborated with Japanese anime creators while producing Western animation. For example, production on The Animatrix began when the Wachowskis visited some of the creators of the anime films that had been strong influences on their work, and decided to collaborate with them.[4] The collaboration between Western and Japanese animators dates back to the mid-1960s, when it was produced The King Kong Show and Johnny Cypher in Dimension Zero.[5]

In the 1980s, such as the Dungeons & Dragons animated series being a co-production between Marvel Animation and Toei Animation.[6] A number of other American animations of the 1980s and 1990s were outsourced to anime studios, most notably TMS Entertainment, which animated popular television productions such as DuckTales, Batman: The Animated Series, Animaniacs, and Spider-Man.

Avatar: The Last Airbender, and its sequel series The Legend of Korra are other examples of Western animation influenced by Japanese anime. They are sometimes mistaken for anime by some fans because both of their plots and style have similarities to those normally seen in an anime.[7] Avatar creators Bryan Konietzko and Michael Dante DiMartino confirmed a particular Japanese anime influence in a magazine interview; that of "Hayao Miyazaki, especially Spirited Away and Princess Mononoke"[8] as well as My Neighbor Totoro.[9] Other studios from which inspiration was drawn include Studio 4°C, Production I.G, Polygon Pictures, and Studio Ghibli.[10]

Japanese anime has also had an influence on Disney, Pixar and DreamWorks productions. Glen Keane, the animator for successful Disney films such as The Little Mermaid, Beauty and the Beast, Aladdin, and Tangled, has credited Hayao Miyazaki as a "huge influence" on The Rescuers Down Under.[11] Pete Docter, director of the popular films Up and Monsters, Inc. as well as a co-creator of other Pixar works, has also described anime, specifically Miyazaki, as an influence on his work.[12] Chris Sanders and Dean DeBlois described Miyazaki's flight and pacifist themes as an influence for creating How to Train Your Dragon.

Europe and Canada

In the 1980s, there were Japanese-European productions such as Ulysses 31, The Mysterious Cities of Gold and Dogtanian and the Three Muskehounds.

Many French and Canadian animation have also been influenced by Japanese anime, such as the Totally Spies! series.[13] The producers of the French anime Code Lyoko, one of the most successful works of European anime, explicitly stated in their introductory document that they were: "Influenced by the poetry and the visual impact of Japanese animation, the series proposes a graphic universe that's particularly original and strong."[14] In 2007, the Canadian anime-style animated short Flutter became the first work from a non-Asian nation to win the Open Entries Grand Prize at the Tokyo Anime Awards.[15]

Latin America

The animations of this genus are almost scarce in this region. However, a number of Brazilian comics of Holy Avenger with strong features inspired by the manga were being produced, but ended up being canceled due to lack of experienced animators. Also various other Brazilian animated series to arrive as planned Dogmons![16] and XDragoon (the latter became a webcomic), but then canceled after the first episode. An animated version of Monica Teen will debut on Cartoon Network. In May 2016, Nickelodeon opened the series Os Under-Undergrounds.[17]

See also

Notes

  1. 1 2 "What is anime?". ANN. 2002-07-26. Archived from the original on 20 August 2007. Retrieved 2007-08-18.
  2. 1 2 "Ms. Answerman: The Internet Question Massacre". Rebecca Bundy, ANN. 2003-10-17. Retrieved 2007-08-09.
  3. ↑ "Preview of upcoming Transformers Animated characters". Transformers Animated. April 30, 2008. Retrieved 2010-02-09.
  4. ↑ "What is Animatrix?" feature on The Matrix Revisited DVD.
  5. ↑ Clements, Jonathan; McCarthy, Helen (2006). The Anime Encyclopedia (2nd expanded ed.). Berkeley, California: Stone Bridge Press. p. 313340. ISBN 1-84576-500-1.
  6. ↑ Dungeons & Dragons at the Internet Movie Database
  7. ↑ "Avatar: The Last Airbender Article". Animation World Magazine. 2005-02-18. Archived from the original on 17 December 2006. Retrieved 2006-12-16.
  8. ↑ ""In Their Elements." (September 2006) Nick Mag Presents, p. 6".
  9. ↑ Bryan Konietzko and Michael Dante DiMartino (2006-09-19). Book 1: Water, Box Set (DVD).
  10. ↑ "Anime Insider: December 2006". Retrieved 2007-03-20.
  11. ↑ Michael J. Lee (October 24, 2010), AN EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEW WITH GLEN KEANE, RadioFree.com
  12. ↑ Interview with Up Director Peter Docter. By Beth Accomando. KPBS. Published May 29, 2009.
  13. ↑ "Answerman: Saturday Surprise". Answerman. Anime News Network. 2002-07-13. Retrieved 2008-08-09.
  14. ↑ "Promotional document for Garage Kids" (PDF). (798 KB) Page 2, paragraph 2
  15. ↑ "Shia wins top prize". Regina Leader-Post. 24 March 2007. Retrieved 15 January 2011.
  16. ↑ pt:Dogmons!
  17. ↑ Entrevista especial - Os Under-Undergrounds!

References

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