Ammonite language
| Ammonite | |
|---|---|
| Region | Formerly spoken in northwestern Jordan |
| Extinct | 5th century BC |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 |
None (mis) |
Linguist list |
qgg |
| Glottolog |
(insufficiently attested or not a distinct language)ammo1234[1] |
Ammonite is the extinct Canaanite language of the Ammonite people mentioned in the Bible, who used to live in modern-day Jordan, and after whom its capital Amman is named. Only fragments of their language survive - chiefly the 9th century BC Amman Citadel Inscription,[2] the 7th-6th century BC Tell Siran bronze bottle, and a few ostraca. As far as can be determined from the small corpus, it was extremely similar to Biblical Hebrew, with some possible Aramaic influence including the use of the verb ‘bd (עבד) instead of the more common Biblical Hebrew ‘śh (עשה) for "make". The only other notable difference with Biblical Hebrew is the sporadic retention of feminine singular -t (’šħt "cistern" but ‘lyh "high (fem.)".)
It was first described as a separate language in 1970 by Italian Orientalist Giovanni Garbini.[3] Subsequently, a number of inscriptions previously identified as Hebrew, Phoenician, or Aramaic were reclassified, as a result of consensus around the similarity of the Amman Theatre Inscription, Amman Citadel Inscription, Tell Siren Bottle, Heshbon Ostraca, and Tell el-Mazer Ostraca.[4]
According to Glottolog, referencing Huehnergard & Rubin (2011), Ammonite was not a distinct language from Hebrew.[1]
References
- 1 2 Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian, eds. (2016). "Ammonite". Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ↑ Amman Citadel Inscription
- ↑ Ahituv 1995.
- ↑ Aufrecht 1989:"The discovery of the Amman Theatre Inscription, Amman Citadel Inscription, Tell Siren Bottle, Heshbon Ostraca, and Tell el-Mazer Ostraca has opened a new chapter in the study of ancient Northwest Semitic inscriptions: the recognition and analysis of the language and script of ancient Ammon. These new discoveries, in turn, have prompted a reclassification of a number of epigraphic materials previously identified as Hebrew, Phoenician, or Aramaic."
Bibliography
- Cohen, D (ed) (1988). "Les Langues Chamito-semitiques". Les langues dans le monde ancien et moderne, part 3. Paris: CNRS.
- Aufrecht, WE (1989). A Corpus of Ammonite Inscriptions. Lewiston: E. Mellen Press. ISBN 0-88946-089-2.
- Ahituv, Shmuel (1995). "Reviewed Works: A Corpus of Ammonite Inscriptions by Walter E. Aufrecht; Ancient Hebrew Inscriptions, Corpus and Concordance by G.I. Davies". Israel Exploration Journal. Israel Exploration Society. 45 (1): 73–75. JSTOR 27926371.