Al-Khalasa

al-Khalasa
The well at al-Khalasa
al-Khalasa
Arabic	الخلصة
Also spelled	al-Khalasah, al-Khalus, Elusa
Subdistrict	Beersheba
Coordinates	31°5′50″N 34°39′9″E / 31.09722°N 34.65250°E / 31.09722; 34.65250Coordinates: 31°5′50″N 34°39′9″E / 31.09722°N 34.65250°E / 31.09722; 34.65250
Palestine grid	116/056
Population	Not known, populated by nomads (1945)
Date of depopulation	October 1948
Cause(s) of depopulation	Military assault by Yishuv forces

Al-Khalasa (Arabic: الخلصة‎‎, al-Khalasah; Hebrew: אל-ח'אלצה‎, al-Khalatsah) was a Palestinian village, located 23 kilometers southwest of the city of Beersheba. The village was founded by the Nabateans under the name of "al-Khalus", and then "Elusa" under the Byzantines where it served an administrative center in the Negev Desert. It continued as a major town by its modern name "al-Khalasa" during Mamluk rule, but was abandoned sometime in the fifteenth century CE. It was repopulated by Bedouins in the early twentieth century, after western archaeologists took an interest in it. In October 1948, it was captured by Israel during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. The population of al-Khalasa is unknown, but all of the inhabitants were Muslims, from the al-Azizma tribe.

History

Al-Khalasa was founded by the Nabateans in the early 4th century BCE as "al-Khalus" or Haluza. Roman historian Ptolemy identifies it as a town in Idumea west of the Jordan River. After the Roman conquest, al-Khalus was renamed "Elusa", and in the late Roman period it grew to become the principal town of the western Arabia Petraea province. It was the birthplace of Abraham Zenobius a prominent Rhetorician in Antioch.^[1] Elusa became one of the first Negev towns to have a large Christian population, and Christians and pagans lived side-by-side. The Bishops of Elusa participated in the church councils 431 and 451 CE. Tomb-stones found in the local cemetery indicate that there were pagans at Elusa as late as the early 5th century. In this period the city belonged to Palestina Tertia.^[2]

After the Islamic conquest of Palestine, its Arabic name was restored with slight alterations to become al-Khalasa. It retained its prominence as an administrative center during the early Arab Caliphate period until the late 7th century. Eventually, however, the town declined and the place was abandoned for centuries, becoming a place where mainly Gazan plunderers stole stones.^[2] Thirteenth-century Syrian geographer Al-Dimashqi records it as one of the major towns of the Negev Desert.^[3] Fourteenth century Egyptian geographer, al-Maqrizi said it was one of the larger "cities" in southern desert of Palestine. However, as the Negev trade routes declined, al-Khalasa eventually diminished.^[4] By 1841, Edward Robinson recognized that Al-Khalasa was old Elusa.^[5]

In 1905, the Ecole Biblique of Jerusalem studied archaeological remains in al-Khalasa, and a British survey drew up the plan of an entire the archaeological site. The renewed interest of the village encouraged al-Khalasa's resettlement by the al-Azizma Bedouin tribe of the Negev. They built the village with a triangular plan in between two wadis, with houses constructed of mud and stone. An elementary school was established in the village in 1941, and there were several shops. Most of the inhabitants earned their living through animal husbandry and commerce, and used a well for drinking water.^[4]

During the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, the village was defended by the Egyptian Army and local militia volunteers. The Arab forces were defeated by Israel's Negev Brigade during Operation Yoav in the last days of October 1948.^[6]

See also

• List of Arab towns and villages depopulated during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War
• List of villages depopulated during the Arab-Israeli conflict
• Haluza

References

Bibliography