Agaricus fuscofibrillosus
| Agaricus fuscofibrillosus | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Agaricales |
| Family: | Agaricaceae |
| Genus: | Agaricus |
| Species: | A. fuscofibrillosus |
| Binomial name | |
| Agaricus fuscofibrillosus (F.H.Møller) Pilát (1951) | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
|
Psalliota fuscofibrillosa F.H.Møller (1950) | |
| Agaricus fuscofibrillosus | |
|---|---|
 | |
 | gills on hymenium |
 |
cap is convex or flat |
 | hymenium is free |
 | stipe has a ring |
 | spore print is brown |
 | ecology is saprotrophic |
 | edibility: choice |
Agaricus fuscofibrillosus is a mushroom in the family Agaricaceae. It has a medium to dark brown cap up to 6 cm (2.4 in) in diameter with brownish fibrillose scales that darken in age. The tightly-packed gills are initially cream colored before becoming pinkish, lilac-gray, and finally brownish as the spores mature. The stout stem is enlarged to bulbous at the base which has one or more brown bands, and a white, membranous ring. The mushroom is edible, and has a pleasant odor similar to button mushrooms, and tastes similar to Agaricus bisporus when cooked.
Systematics
The species was first described as new to science by mycologist F.H. Møller in 1950.[2] Albert Pilát transferred it to Agaricus a year later.[3] The epithet fuscofibrillosus refers to the red staining flesh and fibrillose cap. DNA studies by Rick Kerrigan show that the West Coast USA collections differ genetically from the European species.
Description
The cap is initially convex before flattening out, and reaches a diameter of 4–15 cm (1.6–5.9 in). The cap surface is dry, smooth, reddish-brown to coco-brown with silky fibrils or sometimes with flattened scales and often has a slight umbo. In maturity, the fibrils usually darken to walnut brown. The flesh is light brown and does not change color in KOH. When bruised or injured, the flesh turns bright red within 30 seconds, and later fades to brown. The odor of crushed flesh is mild and mushroomy.
The gills are initially cream colored to pale pinkish or pinkish-gray before becoming brown, then dark chocolate-brown when the spores mature. In maturity, the gills are free from attachment to the stem, packed close together, with little intervening space between them. The stem is 4–15 cm (1.6–5.9 in) long, and 1.5–2.5 cm (0.6–1.0 in) thick, usually with an enlarged or bulbous base that has one or more coca-brown colored bands. Firm, smooth, and lacking the scales found on the cap, the stem is colored white or discolors bright red or dingy brownish in age or after handling. The partial veil is membranous, white, and forms a thin skirt-like ring on the upper portion of the stem.
Spore prints are dark chocolate brown. The smooth, thick-walled spores are elliptical, and typically measure 5–6.5 by 3.5-4 μm. Cystidia on the gill edge (cheilocystidia) are scattered, club-shaped to cylindric and have dimensions of up to 22 by 7 μm.
Similar species
Agaricus pattersonae closely resembles A. fuscofibrillosus but is larger and the cap has appressed brown squamules and is not fibrillose. A. fuscofibrillosus is also similar to A. fuscovelatus, but that species has a more conical cap with brownish scales, and a dark brown ring.
Habitat and distribution
Fruit bodies appear in the late fall and winter, where they grow scattered or in groups under cypresss or rarely under other trees.[4] The fungus is found in coastal California and is most common in the San Francisco Bay Area. It is also found in the British Isles and Northern Europe. It has been found in Southern Europe and Southern South America.[5]
See also
References
- ↑ "Agaricus fuscofibrillosus (F.H. Møller) Pilát (1951)". MycoBank. International Mycological Association. Retrieved 2013-01-05.
- ↑ Møller FH. (1950). "Danish Psalliota species. Preliminary Studies for a Monograph on the Danish Psalliotae. Part 1". Fresia. 4 (1-2): 1–60 (see p. 27).
- ↑ Pilát A. (1951). "The Bohemian species of the genus Agaricus". Acta Musei Nationalis Pragae. 7B (1): 19.
- ↑ Arora D. (1986). Mushrooms Demystified: A Comprehensive Guide to the Fleshy Fungi. Berkeley, California: Ten Speed Press. pp. 326–7. ISBN 0898151694.
- ↑ "Agaricus fuscofibrillosus (F.H. Møller) Pilát (1951)". GBIF. Retrieved 2013-01-09.
External links
- Agaricus fuscofibrillosus in Index Fungorum
- Agaricus fuscofibrillosus at mushroomobserver.org
- Agaricus fuscofibrillosus at Mykoweb
- Agaricus fuscofibrillosus at mushroomexpert.com
- Occurrence map for Agaricus fuscofibrillosus