Adriaan Reland

Adriaan Reland 1676 - 1718

Adriaan Reland (also known as Adriaen Reeland/Reelant, Hadrianus Relandus) (July 17, 1676, De Rijp, North Holland – February 5, 1718, Utrecht [1]) was a noted Dutch Orientalist scholar, cartographer and philologist.[2] He is considered to have made a long-lasting and significant contribution to research of the historical geography of early Palestine.[3]

Early life

Reland was the son of Johannes Reland, a Protestant minister, and Aagje Prins in the small North Holland village of De Rijp. Adriaan's brother, Peter (1678–1714), was an influential lawyer in Haarlem.[1] Reeland first studied Latin language in Amsterdam at age 11, and enrolled at University of Utrecht in 1693, at age 17, to study theology and philosophy. Initially interested in Hebrew and Syriac, he later began studying Arabic. In 1699, after obtaining his doctorate in Utrecht, Reland moved to Leiden and tutored the son of Hans Willem Bentinck, 1st Earl of Portland.[4] The latter invited him to move to England, but Reland declined because of his father's deteriorating health.

Academic career

In 1699, Reland was appointed Professor of Physics and Metaphysics at the University of Harderwijk. By this point, he had achieved fluency in Arabic, Hebrew, and other Semitic languages.[5] In 1701, at age 25, he was appointed Professor of Oriental Languages at the University of Utrecht. Beginning in 1713, he also taught Hebrew Antiquities.[3] This was extended with a Chair in Jewish Antiquity.

Reland gained renown for his research in Islamic studies and linguistics; his work being an early example of comparative linguistics. Additionally, he studied Persian and was interested in the relation of Eastern myths to the Old Testament. He published a work concerning East Asian myths, Dissertationum miscellanearum partes tres, in 1708. Moreover, he discovered the link for the Malay language to the Western Pacific dictionaries of Willem Schouten and Jacob Le Maire.

Research on Middle East

Reland, through compiling Arabic texts, completed De religione Mohammedica libri duo in 1705. This work, extended in 1717, was considered the first objective survey of Islamic beliefs and practices.[6] It quickly became a reference work throughout Europe and was translated into Dutch, English, German, French and Spanish.

Reland also extensively researched Middle Eastern locations and biblical geography, taking interest in the Semitic peoples of Palestine. He published Antiquitates Sacrae veterum Hebraeorum (1708) and Palaestina ex monumentis Veteris illustrata (1714), in which he described and mapped the geography of Palestine.[3]

Reland retained his professorship for his entire life, and additionally became a noted poet. In 1718, at age 41, he died of smallpox in Utrecht.[1]

Selection of Published Works

Frontispiece of Adriaan Reland's Palaestina ex monumentis veteribus illustrata

References

  1. 1 2 3 John Gorton, A General Biographical Dictionary, 1838, Whittaker & Co.
  2. ↑ Power And Religion in Baroque Rome: Barberini Cultural Policies, P. J. A. N. Rietbergen, p.321
  3. 1 2 3 Dr. Zur Shalev, University of Haifa Digital Gallery, introduction to Reland's bookPalaestina ex monumentis veteribus illustrata
  4. ↑
  5. ↑ Adriaan Reland (1676-1718)
  6. ↑ St John's College of Cambridge University Library
  7. ↑ Digital gallery of University of Haifa - Books in Foreign Languages
  8. ↑ Hadriani Relandi Palaestina ex monumentis veteribus illustrata (1714)
  9. ↑

External links

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