Shiwiar language
Not to be confused with Shuar language from Ecuador.
| Achuar | |
|---|---|
| Shiwiar | |
| Native to | Peru, Ecuador |
| Ethnicity | Achuar people, Shiwiar |
Native speakers |
(undated figure of 3,000–3,500 in Peru)[1] 4,000 in Ecuador (2007)[2] |
|
Jivaroan
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 |
acu |
| Glottolog |
achu1248[3] |
Shiwiar, also known as Achuar, Jivaro, Maina, is a Jivaroan language spoken along the Pastaza and Bobonaza rivers in Ecuador.
Phonology
| Bilabial | Alveolar | Postalveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | |||
| Stop | p | t | k | ʔ | ||
| Affricate | ts | tʃ | ||||
| Fricative | s | ʃ | x | |||
| Approximant | j | w | ||||
| Tap | ɾ |
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i ĩ iː | u ũ uː | |
| Close-mid | ɘ ɘ̃ ɘː[5] | ||
| Open | a ã aː |
- /i/ and /u/ have slightly lowered allophones [ɪ] and [ʊ], respectively.[6]
- /a, ã, aː/ are phonetically central [a̠, ã̠, a̠ː].[6]
References
- ↑ Achuar at Ethnologue (10th ed., 1984). Note: Data may come from the 9th edition (1978).
- ↑ Achuar-Shiwiar at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian, eds. (2016). "Achuar-Shiwiar". Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- 1 2 Fast Mowitz (1975), p. 10.
- ↑ Lev, Stark & Chang (2012), citing the same source, give these instead as [ɨ], [ɨ̃ ]] and [ɨː].
- 1 2 3 Fast Mowitz (1975), p. 2.
Bibliography
- Fast Mowitz, Gerhard (1975), Sistema fonológico del idioma achual, Lima: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano
- Lev, Michael; Stark, Tammy; Chang, Will (2012). "Phonological inventory of Achuar-Shiwiar". The South American Phonological Inventory Database (version 1.1.3 ed.). Berkeley: University of California: Survey of California and Other Indian Languages Digital Resource.
External links
- Dryer, Matthew S. & Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Achuar". World Atlas of Language Structures Online. Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
- New Testament in Achuar
- The Universal Declaration of Human Rights in Achuar
- The Shiwiar Rainforest Initiative
- Achuar–Shiwiar on Native Languages of the Americas
- Listen to a sample of Achuar-Shiwiar from Global Recordings Network
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