704 Interamnia

704 Interamnia

Observations of 704 Interamnia carried out at the Observatory of Teramo (founded by the discoverer of the asteroid, Vincenzo Cerulli) for the 101st anniversary since its discovery. The animation shows Interamnia's path over three hours.
Discovery
Discovered by Vincenzo Cerulli
Discovery date 2 October 1910
Designations
Pronunciation /ˌɪntərˈæmniə/ IN-tər-AM-nee-ə
Named after
 Teramo
1910 KU; 1952 MW
Main belt
Orbital characteristics[1]
Epoch 31 July 2016 (JD 2457600.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc 102.38 yr (37395 d)
Aphelion 3.5293 AU (527.98 Gm)
Perihelion 2.5857 AU (386.82 Gm)
3.0575 AU (457.40 Gm)
Eccentricity 0.15431
5.35 yr (1952.8 d)
16.92 km/s
276.11°
0° 11m 3.66s / day
Inclination 17.309°
280.30°
95.208°
Earth MOID 1.65761 AU (247.975 Gm)
Jupiter MOID 2.14415 AU (320.760 Gm)
Jupiter Tisserand parameter 3.148
Physical characteristics
Dimensions (350.3 ± 0.8) × (303.6 ± 1.2) km[2][3]
326 (mean of 350x304)
317 ± 5 km IRAS[1]
Mean radius
 158.31±2.6 km
Mass 3.90±0.18×1019 kg[4]
7.49 ×1019[1]
Mean density
 2.29 ± 0.48 g/cm³[4]
Equatorial surface gravity
 0.186 m/s²
Equatorial escape velocity
 242.9 m/s
0.364 d 2
(8.727 h (0.3636 d)[1]
0.0742±0.002[1]
Temperature ~160 K
F/B[1]
9.9 to 13.0[5]
5.94[1]
    One of the first photographic plates of 704 Interamnia obtained by the Italian astronomer Vincenzo Cerulli form the Observatory of Teramo (Italy). The image was taken in Oct. 1910; the path of the asteroid is shown in the zoom.

    704 Interamnia is a very large asteroid, with an estimated diameter of 350 kilometres. Its mean distance from the Sun is 3.067 (AU). It was discovered on October 2, 1910 by Vincenzo Cerulli, and named after the Latin name for Teramo, Italy, where Cerulli worked. It is probably the fifth-most-massive asteroid after Ceres, Vesta, Pallas, and Hygiea, with a mass estimated to be 1.2% of the mass of the entire asteroid belt.[6]

    Characteristics

    Although Interamnia is the largest asteroid after the "big four", it is a very little-studied body. It is easily the largest of the F-type asteroids, but there exist very few details of its internal composition or shape, and no light curve analysis has yet been done to determine the ecliptic coordinates of Interamnia's poles (and hence its axial tilt). Its apparently high bulk density (though subject to much error) suggests an extremely solid body entirely without internal porosity or traces of water. This also strongly suggests that Interamnia is large enough to have fully withstood all the collisions that have occurred in the asteroid belt since the Solar System was formed.

    Its very dark surface and relatively large distance from the Sun means Interamnia can never be seen with 10x50 binoculars. At most oppositions its magnitude is around +11.0, which is less than the minimum brightness of Vesta, Ceres or Pallas. Even at a perihelic opposition its magnitude is only +9.9,[5] which is over four magnitudes lower than Vesta.

    Its orbit is slightly more eccentric than that of Hygiea (15% versus 12%) but differs from Hygiea's in its much greater inclination and slightly shorter period. Another difference is that Interamnia's perihelion is located on the opposite side from the perihelia of the "big four", so that Interamnia at perihelion is actually closer to the Sun than Ceres and Pallas are at the same longitude. It is unlikely to collide with Pallas because their nodes are located too far apart, whilst although its nodes are located on the opposite side from those of Ceres, it is generally clear of Ceres when both cross the same orbital plane and a collision is again unlikely.

    Size

    IRAS measurements in 1983 estimated the asteroid to be 317 ± 5 km in diameter.[1] An occultation in 1996 produced a diameter of 329 km.[7] Observations of a favorable occultation of a bright 6.6 magnitude star on March 23, 2003, produced thirty-five chords indicating an ellipsoid of 350×304 km,[2][8] thus giving the asteroid a geometric mean diameter of 326 km.

    Mass

    In 2001, Michalak estimated Interamnia to have a mass of 6.9×1019 kg. Michalak's estimate depends on the masses of 19 Fortuna, 29 Amphitrite, and 16 Psyche; thus this mass was obtained assuming an incomplete dynamical model.[9]

    In 2007, Baer and Chesley estimated Interamnia to have a mass of (7.12±0.84)×1019 kg.[10] As of 2010, Baer suggests Interamnia has a mass of only (3.90±0.18)×1019 kg.[4] This makes it more massive than 511 Davida, though the error bars overlap.[4]

    Goffin's 2014 astrometric reanalysis gives an even lower mass of 2.725 ± 0.12×1019 kg (and has 3.00 ± 0.1 ×1019 kg for 511 Davida.[11]

    See also

    References

    1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 704 Interamnia (1910 KU)" (2008-04-14 last obs). Retrieved 7 May 2016.
    2. 1 2 Nugent, Richard (2003-03-23). "704 Interamnia 2003 Mar 23". Richard's Astronomy Pages. Archived from the original on 27 December 2008. Retrieved 2008-12-03.
    3. ↑ "せんだい宇宙館−星食−". Uchukan.satsumasendai.jp. Archived from the original on February 5, 2012. Retrieved 2014-02-21.
    4. 1 2 3 4 Baer, James (2010). "Recent Asteroid Mass Determinations". Personal Website. Retrieved 2011-02-13.
    5. 1 2 "Bright Minor Planets 2007". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
    6. ↑ Pitjeva, E. V. (2005). "High-Precision Ephemerides of Planets—EPM and Determination of Some Astronomical Constants" (PDF). Solar System Research. 39 (3): 176. Bibcode:2005SoSyR..39..176P. doi:10.1007/s11208-005-0033-2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-10-31. 15 = 0.0124
    7. ↑ Buie, Marc W.; Wasserman; Millis (1997). "Occultation of GSC 23450183 by (704) Interamnia on 1996 December 17". American Astronomical Society. 29: 973. Bibcode:1997DPS....29.0710B.
    8. ↑ MacRobert, Alan (2014-03-13). "Asteroid to Black Out Bright Star Regulus". Sky & Telescope.
    9. ↑ Michalak, G. (2001). "Determination of asteroid masses". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 374 (2): 703–711. Bibcode:2001A&A...374..703M. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20010731. Retrieved 2008-11-04.
    10. ↑ Baer, Jim; Steven R. Chesley (2008). "Astrometric masses of 21 asteroids, and an integrated asteroid ephemeris" (PDF). Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy. Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2007. 100 (2008): 27–42. Bibcode:2008CeMDA.100...27B. doi:10.1007/s10569-007-9103-8. Retrieved 2008-11-21.
    11. ↑ Goffin, Edwin (2014). "Astrometric asteroid masses: A simultaneous determination". arXiv:1402.4241v1Freely accessible [astro-ph.EP].

    External links

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