599

Millennium:	1st millennium
Centuries:	5th century · 6th century · 7th century
Decades:	560s · 570s · 580s · 590s · 600s · 610s · 620s
Years:	596 · 597 · 598 · 599 · 600 · 601 · 602

599 by topic
Politics
State leaders – Sovereign states
Birth and death categories
Births – Deaths
Establishment and disestablishment categories
Establishments – Disestablishments

599 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar	599 DXCIX
Ab urbe condita	1352
Armenian calendar	48 ԹՎ ԽԸ
Assyrian calendar	5349
Bengali calendar	6
Berber calendar	1549
Buddhist calendar	1143
Burmese calendar	−39
Byzantine calendar	6107–6108
Chinese calendar	戊午年 (Earth Horse) 3295 or 3235 — to — 己未年 (Earth Goat) 3296 or 3236
Coptic calendar	315–316
Discordian calendar	1765
Ethiopian calendar	591–592
Hebrew calendar	4359–4360
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	655–656
- Shaka Samvat	520–521
- Kali Yuga	3699–3700
Holocene calendar	10599
Iranian calendar	23 BP – 22 BP
Islamic calendar	24 BH – 23 BH
Javanese calendar	488–489
Julian calendar	599 DXCIX
Korean calendar	2932
Minguo calendar	1313 before ROC 民前1313年
Nanakshahi calendar	−869
Seleucid era	910/911 AG
Thai solar calendar	1141–1142

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Year 599 (DXCIX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 599 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Events

Emperor Maurice refuses to pay ransom for 12,000 Byzantine soldiers taken prisoner by the Avars. Their leader Bayan I orders the execution of the prisoners, and slaughters them all. His failure to buy back the captives destroys Maurice's popularity with the Byzantine troops in the Balkan Peninsula.^[1]
Summer – Balkan Campaign: The Byzantine generals Priscus and Comentiolus join their forces at Singidunum (modern Belgrade), and move downstream to the fortress city of Viminacium (Serbia). The Byzantines cross the Danube River and invade Upper Moesia, where they defeat the Avars in open battle.
Priscus pursues the fleeing Avar tribes and invades their homeland in Pannonia. He devastates the land east of the Tisza River, deciding the war for the Byzantines and ending the Avar and Slavic incursions across the Danube.
Autumn – Comentiolus reopens the Gate of Trajan pass, near Ihtiman (Bulgaria). This strategic mountain pass, whose fortress "Stipon" defends the border between the provinces Thrace and Macedonia, is not used for decades.

Callinicus, governor (exarch) of Ravenna, repulses attacks of the South Slavs in Istria (Croatia). The region is pillaged, but the Byzantines drive them all out.
Callinicus breaks the truce by kidnapping the Lombard daughter of King Agilulf.^[2] Beginning a war with the Exarchate of Ravenna (approximate date).

King Khosrau II sends a Persian expedition to South Arabia and conquers Yemen. He establishes a military base to control the sea trade with the East (approximate date).

Tardu declares himself to be ruler (khagan) of the united Turkic Khaganate (east and west).^[3] His new status is not recognised widely in the empire.

The Maya city of Palenque (southern Mexico) is plundered by King Scroll Serpent of Calakmul (approximate date).

January 23 – Tai Zong, emperor of the Tang Dynasty (d. 649)
October 9 – Ali, Fourth Caliph of the early Muslim dynasty. He was born on Friday, 13th Rajab, 23 years before Hijra / October 9, 599 AD in Kaa'ba, Mecca.

↑ The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century (1991), John V. A. Fine, Jr, p. 32. ISBN 0-472-08149-7
↑ Paul the Deacon, History, 4.20; translated by Foulke, p. 165
↑ Melek Tekin:Türk tarihi, p. 87, Milliyet yayinları, 1991

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