2014 Mount Ontake eruption

2014 Mount Ontake eruption
Volcano	Mount Ontake
Date	September 27, 2014 (2014-09-27)
Location	Border of Nagano and Gifu prefectures, island of Honshū, Japan 35°53′36″N 137°28′45″E / 35.89333°N 137.47917°E / 35.89333; 137.47917Coordinates: 35°53′36″N 137°28′45″E / 35.89333°N 137.47917°E / 35.89333; 137.47917
VEI	3-4
Impact	54 dead[1]

A volcanic eruption of Mount Ontake (御嶽山, Ontake-san) took place on September 27, 2014, killing 57 people. Mount Ontake is a volcano located on the Japanese island of Honshu around 100 kilometres (62 mi) northeast of Nagoya and around 200 km (120 mi) southwest of Tokyo. It was the first fatal volcanic eruption in Japan since the 1991 collapse of a lava dome at Mount Unzen,^[2][3][4] and the deadliest volcanic eruption in Japan since Torishima killed an estimated 150 people in 1902.

Timeline

Volcanic earthquake

The volcanic eruption happened at 11:52 Japan Standard Time (UTC+9).^[5][6] There were no significant earthquakes that might have warned authorities in the lead up to the phreatic eruption—caused by ground water flashing to steam in a hydrothermal explosion.^[7] The mountain is a popular tourist attraction for hikers, being considered good for beginner climbers and relatively safe, and the weather was also good, so there were several hundred people on its slopes at the time.^[8][9] The police said that they were searching for people remaining on the mountain. By 17:00 the police reported that three people were missing and were believed to be under ash. Another person was rescued from under the volcanic ash, but remained unconscious. Six people were injured, one by flying rocks.^[10]

By 19:30, the number of people believed to remain buried in ash rose to six. Nine people had been reported to be injured, five of whom had fractured bones.^[11] Later, at least 40 people were reported to be injured, and another 32 were believed to be missing. The JSDF began carrying out helicopter searches for missing people.^[12] One woman was reported to have died from the eruption.^[13][14]

Mount Ontake seen from Kurakake Pass on October 11, 2014.

On September 28, the police reported that over 30 people had been found in "cardiac arrest" near the summit.^[15] Japanese emergency services often refer to people who show no vital signs, and are apparently dead, as being in cardiac arrest, as legally, only an authorised physician can pronounce a person dead.^[9][15] By September 29, a total of 36 bodies had been found, and 12 people had been pronounced dead; the search was suspended due to dangerous conditions, including hydrogen sulfide gas spewing from the mountain.^[16] On September 30, fears of escalating volcanic activity on Mount Ontake continued to hinder rescue efforts.^[17]

On October 1, 2014, eleven new bodies were discovered by rescuers on the slopes of Mount Ontake after searching in previously unexplored areas of the ash-covered peak, bringing the total body count from 36 to 47; a revision after an erroneous initial count of 48.^[18][19]

On October 4, 2014, four new bodies were discovered by rescuers on the slopes of Mount Ontake after searching in previously unexplored areas away from trekking roads.^[20] Those four were confirmed to have died.^[21]

Typhoon Phanfone prevented searching activities from October 5 till 6.^[22] On October 7, three more bodies were discovered, bringing the total of confirmed deaths to 54.^[23] As of October 11, the death toll is at 56.^[1] The victims of the Mount Ontake eruption were mourned on October 27, as authorities and residents marked a month since the volcano killed 57 people and left six others missing.^[24]

See also

• List of volcanic eruptions by death toll
• Mount Unzen, a Decade volcano with a history of violent eruptions
• Torishima, last volcano to kill more than 100 people in Japan
• Typhoon Phanfone (2014), a typhoon that affected the area and country a week after it erupted.

References

External links

• Media related to 2014 Mount Ontake eruption at Wikimedia Commons