1970 in spaceflight

1970 in spaceflight
Orbital launches
First	11 February
Last	12 December
National firsts
Satellite	Japan China
Orbital launch	Japan China

Japan and China each launched their first satellites in 1970, bringing the total number of nations with independent launch capability to five. Apollo 13 was launched; after suffering an explosion in deep space it had to circumnavigate the moon and use the LM as a life boat. Apollo 13 was a successful disaster in which the crew survived. The Soviet space program continued its Luna program with Luna 17, which delivered the robotic Lunokhod 1 rover to the lunar surface, and Luna 16, which achieved the first unmanned lunar sample return. The Soviets also continued the success of the Venera Venus probes with Venera 7, the first man-made spacecraft to successfully land on another planet and to transmit data back to Earth, though it only survived 23 minutes on the surface.

Launches

This is a list of spaceflights launched in 1970.

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

Date and time (UTC)	Rocket		Launch site		LSP
	Payload	Operator	Orbit	Function	Decay (UTC)	Outcome
	Remarks

11 February	Lambda-4S		Kagoshima		Japan
	Ōsumi	Tokyo University	Low Earth	Technology	02 August 2003	Successful
	First satellite launched by Japan

03 March 21:15	Black Arrow		Woomera		RAE
03 March 21:15		RAE	Low Earth	Test LV	In orbit	Successful

11 April 19:13	Saturn V (C-5)		Kennedy LC-39A		NASA
	Apollo 13 CSM Odyssey	NASA	Intended: Lunar orbit Actual: Lunar free return	Manned Lunar orbit.	15 April 1970	Failure
	Apollo 13 LM Aquarius	NASA	Intended: Lunar landing Actual: Lunar free return	Manned lunar landing	15 April 1970	Failure
	Explosion in Service Module crippled spacecraft, resulting in mission abort. Mission aborted due to CSM malfunction. LM used to help bring crew back to Earth.
24 April	Long March 1 Rocket		Jiuquan		PRC
	Dong Fang Hong I	PRC	Low Earth	Test satellite	In orbit	Successful
	First satellite launched by China

01 June 19:00	Soyuz (R-7/A-2)		Baikonur Site 1		RVSN
	Soyuz 9	RVSN	Low Earth	Manned Orbital Spaceflight	19 June 1970 11:58	Successful
	Longest Manned flight involving only one spacecraft. (As of 09/06/06)
01 June 19:00	Black Arrow		Woomera		RAE
	Orba	RAE	Low Earth	Micrometeoroid detection satellite	In orbit	Failure
	First British attempt to launch a satellite. Failed to reach orbit after premature 2nd stage cutout.

12 September 13:25	Proton-K/D		Baikonur 81/23
	Luna 16		Selenocentric	Lunar lander	In orbit	Successful
	First unmanned lunar sample return, first Soviet lunar sample return

20 October 19:55	Proton-K/D		Baikonur 81/23
	Zond 8		Highly elliptical	Spacecraft test	In orbit	Successful
	Final circumlunar flight of the Zond program.

12 December 10:54	Scout B		San Marco mobile range, Kenya		CRA
	Uhuru	NASA	Low Earth	X-ray astronomy	In orbit	Successful
	First satellite dedicated to X-ray astronomy.

Off-world launches

Date and time (UTC)	Rocket		Launch site		LSP
	Payload	Operator	Orbit	Function	Decay (UTC)	Outcome
	Remarks
21 September 7:43	Luna 16 Ascent stage		Mare Fecunditatis (Moon)
	Luna 16 Return capsule		Highly elliptical	Sample return	17 September 1970	Successful
	First unmanned lunar sample return mission

Deep Space Rendezvous

Date (GMT)	Spacecraft	Event	Remarks
11 April 1970	Apollo 13 S-IVB stage	Impacted the Moon
15 April	Apollo 13	Lunar flyby at 254 kilometres (158 mi)	Intended lunar landing, forced to abort and return to Earth using lunar free return trajectory
20 September	Luna 16	100gm from Mare Fecunditatis	First sample return mission
24 October	Zond 8	Circumlunar flight of the Moon 1,110 kilometres (690 mi)
17 November	Luna 17	Delivered Lunokhod 1 at Mare Imbrium	First robotic Lunar rover
15 December	Venera 7	Atmospheric probe worked for 23 min on the Venerian surface	First soft landing on another planet

References

Krebs, Gunter. "Chronology of Space Launches".
Kyle, Ed. "Space Launch Report".
McDowell, Jonathan. "Jonathan's Space Report".
Pietrobon, Steven. "Steven Pietrobon's Space Archive".
Wade, Mark. "Encyclopedia Astronautica".
Webb, Brian. "Southwest Space Archive".
"NASASpaceFlight.com".
"Spaceflight Now".
"Space Information Center". JAXA.
"Space Calendar". NASA JPL.
"ISS Calendar". Spaceflight 101.
"Launch Forecast". Space.com.
Clark, Stephen. "Launch Schedule". Spaceflight Now.
"U.S. Space Objects Registry".
"Хроника освоения космоса" [Chronicle of space exploration]. Cosmoworld.ru (in Russian).

Generic references:

Footnotes

Timeline of spaceflight
1940s					1944	1945	1946	1947	1948	1949
1950s	1950	1951	1952	1953	1954	1955	1956	1957	1958	1959
1960s	1960	1961	1962	1963	1964	1965	1966	1967	1968	1969
1970s	1970	1971	1972	1973	1974	1975	1976	1977	1978	1979
1980s	1980	1981	1982	1983	1984	1985	1986	1987	1988	1989
1990s	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999
2000s	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009
2010s	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019

← 1969 · Orbital launches in 1970 · 1971 →

Kosmos 318 \| OPS 6531 \| Intelsat III F-6 \| Kosmos 319 \| Kosmos 320 \| Kosmos 321 \| Kosmos 322 \| ITOS-1 · Australis-OSCAR 5 \| DS-P1-I No.6 \| SERT-2 \| E-8-5 No.405 \| Kosmos 323 \| Ōsumi \| OPS 0054 \| Molniya-1 No.17 \| Kosmos 324 \| Kosmos 325 \| OPS 0440 · OPS 3402 \| Wika · Mika \| Kosmos 326 \| Meteor No.14 \| Kosmos 327 \| NATO 2A \| Kosmos 328 \| Kosmos 329 \| Kosmos 330 \| Nimbus 4 · Topo-1 \| Kosmos 331 \| OPS 7033 · OPS 7044 \| Kosmos 332 \| Apollo 13 \| Kosmos 333 \| OPS 2863 \| Intelsat III F-7 \| Kosmos 334 \| Dongfanghong I \| Kosmos 335 \| Kosmos 336 · Kosmos 337 · Kosmos 338 · Kosmos 339 · Kosmos 340 · Kosmos 341 · Kosmos 342 · Kosmos 343 \| Meteor No.13 \| Kosmos 344 \| Kosmos 345 \| OPS 4720 · OPS 8520 \| DS-P1-Yu No.36 \| Soyuz 9 \| Kosmos 346 \| STV-3 \| Kosmos 347 \| Kosmos 348 \| Kosmos 349 \| OPS 5346 \| Meteor-M No.17 \| OPS 6820 \| Molniya-1 No.21 \| Kosmos 350 \| Kosmos 351 \| Unnamed \| Kosmos 352 \| Kosmos 353 \| Zenit-4 No.75 \| OPS 4324 \| Intelsat III F-8 \| Kosmos 354 \| Interkosmos 3 \| Kosmos 355 \| Kosmos 356 \| Venera 7 \| OPS 7874 \| Skynet 1B \| Kosmos 357 \| Kosmos 358 \| Kosmos 359 · Kosmos 359 \| OPS 8329 \| Transit O-19 \| Kosmos 360 \| OPS 7329 \| Orba · X-2 \| OPS 0203 \| Kosmos 361 \| Luna 16 \| Kosmos 362 \| Kosmos 363 \| Kosmos 364 \| MS-F1 \| Kosmos 365 \| Molniya-1 No.19 \| Kosmos 366 \| Kosmos 367 \| Kosmos 368 · Nauka No.3 \| Kosmos 369 \| Kosmos 370 \| Kosmos 371 \| Interkosmos 4 \| Meteor-M No.16 \| Kosmos 372 \| Kosmos 373 \| Zond 8 \| Kosmos 374 \| OPS 7568 \| Kosmos 375 \| Kosmos 376 \| OPS 5960 \| OFO · RM-1 \| Luna 17 (Lunokhod 1) \| Kosmos 377 \| Kosmos 378 \| OPS 4992 · OPS 6829 \| Kosmos 379 \| Kosmos 380 \| Molniya-1 No.23 \| OAO-B \| Kosmos 381 \| Kosmos 382 \| Kosmos 383 \| Kosmos 384 · Nauka No.2 \| NOAA-1 · CEPI \| Uhuru \| Kosmos 385 \| Peole \| Kosmos 386 \| Kosmos 387 \| Kosmos 388 \| Kosmos 389 \| DS-P1-M No.1 \| Molniya-1 No.22

Payloads are separated by bullets ( · ), launches by pipes ( \| ). Manned flights are indicated in bold text. Uncatalogued launch failures are listed in italics. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are denoted in (brackets).

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