July 11

July 11 is the 192nd day of the year (193rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 173 days remaining until the end of the year. This date is slightly more likely to fall on a Monday, Wednesday or Saturday (58 in 400 years each) than on Thursday or Friday (57), and slightly less likely to occur on a Tuesday or Sunday (56).

Events

• 472 – After being besieged in Rome by his own generals, Western Roman Emperor Anthemius is captured in St. Peter's Basilica and put to death.
• 911 – Signing of the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte between Charles the Simple and Rollo of Normandy.
• 1174 – Baldwin IV, 13, becomes King of Jerusalem, with Raymond III, Count of Tripoli as regent and William of Tyre as chancellor.
• 1302 – Battle of the Golden Spurs (Guldensporenslag in Dutch): A coalition around the Flemish cities defeats the king of France's royal army.
• 1346 – Charles IV, Count of Luxembourg and King of Bohemia, is elected King of the Romans.
• 1405 – Ming admiral Zheng He sets sail to explore the world for the first time.
• 1476 – Giuliano della Rovere is appointed bishop of Coutances.
• 1576 – Martin Frobisher sights Greenland.
• 1616 – Samuel de Champlain returns to Quebec.
• 1735 – Mathematical calculations suggest that it is on this day that dwarf planet Pluto moved inside the orbit of Neptune for the last time before 1979.
• 1740 – Pogrom: Jews are expelled from Little Russia.
• 1750 – Halifax, Nova Scotia is almost completely destroyed by fire.
• 1789 – Jacques Necker is dismissed as France's Finance Minister sparking the Storming of the Bastille.
• 1796 – The United States takes possession of Detroit from Great Britain under terms of the Jay Treaty.
• 1798 – The United States Marine Corps is re-established; they had been disbanded after the American Revolutionary War.
• 1801 – French astronomer Jean-Louis Pons makes his first comet discovery. In the next 27 years he discovers another 36 comets, more than any other person in history.
• 1804 – A duel occurs in which the Vice President of the United States Aaron Burr mortally wounds former Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton.
• 1833 – Noongar Australian aboriginal warrior Yagan, wanted for the murder of white colonists in Western Australia, is killed.
• 1848 – Waterloo railway station in London opens.
• 1864 – American Civil War: Battle of Fort Stevens; Confederate forces attempt to invade Washington, D.C.
• 1882 – The British Mediterranean Fleet begins the Bombardment of Alexandria in Egypt as part of the Anglo-Egyptian War.
• 1889 – Tijuana, Mexico, is founded.
• 1893 – The first cultured pearl is obtained by Kokichi Mikimoto.
• 1893 – A revolution led by the liberal general and politician José Santos Zelaya takes over state power in Nicaragua.
• 1895 – Brothers Auguste and Louis Lumière demonstrate movie film technology to scientists.
• 1897 – Salomon August Andrée leaves Spitsbergen to attempt to reach the North Pole by balloon. He later crashes and dies.
• 1906 – Murder of Grace Brown by Chester Gillette in the United States, inspiration for Theodore Dreiser's An American Tragedy.
• 1914 – Babe Ruth makes his debut in Major League Baseball.
• 1914 – USS Nevada (BB-36) is launched.
• 1919 – The eight-hour day and free Sunday become law for workers in the Netherlands.
• 1920 – In the East Prussian plebiscite the local populace decides to remain with Weimar Germany.
• 1921 – A truce in the Irish War of Independence comes into effect.
• 1921 – The Red Army captures Mongolia from the White Army and establishes the Mongolian People's Republic.
• 1921 – Former President of the United States William Howard Taft is sworn in as 10th Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, becoming the only person ever to hold both offices.
• 1922 – The Hollywood Bowl opens.
• 1924 – Eric Liddell won the gold medal in 400m at the 1924 Paris Olympics, after refusing to run in the heats for 100m, his favoured distance, on the Sunday
• 1934 – Engelbert Zaschka of Germany flies his large human-powered aircraft, the Zaschka Human-Power Aircraft, about 20 meters at Berlin Tempelhof Airport without assisted take-off.
• 1936 – The Triborough Bridge in New York City is opened to traffic.
• 1940 – World War II: Vichy France regime is formally established. Philippe Pétain becomes Prime Minister of France.
• 1941 – The Northern Rhodesian Labour Party holds its first congress in Nkana.
• 1943 – Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia by the Ukrainian Insurgent Army within the Reichskommissariat Ukraine (Volhynia) peak.
• 1943 – World War II: Allied invasion of Sicily: German and Italian troops launch a counter-attack on Allied forces in Sicily.
• 1947 – The Exodus 1947 heads to Palestine from France.
• 1950 – Pakistan joins the International Monetary Fund and the International Bank.
• 1957 – Prince Karim Husseini Aga Khan IV inherits the office of Imamat as the 49th Imam of Shia Imami Ismai'li worldwide, after the death of Sir Sultan Mahommed Shah Aga Khan III.
• 1960 – France legislates for the independence of Dahomey (later Benin), Upper Volta (later Burkina) and Niger.
• 1960 – Congo Crisis: The State of Katanga breaks away from the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
• 1960 – To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee is first published, in the United States.
• 1962 – First transatlantic satellite television transmission.
• 1962 – Project Apollo: At a press conference, NASA announces lunar orbit rendezvous as the means to land astronauts on the Moon, and return them to Earth.
• 1971 – Copper mines in Chile are nationalized.
• 1972 – The first game of the World Chess Championship 1972 between challenger Bobby Fischer and defending champion Boris Spassky starts.
• 1973 – Varig Flight 820 crashes near Paris, France on approach to Orly Airport, killing 123 of the 134 on board. In response, the FAA bans smoking on flights.
• 1977 – Martin Luther King, Jr. is posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom.
• 1978 – Los Alfaques disaster: A truck carrying liquid gas crashes and explodes at a coastal campsite in Tarragona, Spain killing 216 tourists.
• 1979 – America's first space station, Skylab, is destroyed as it re-enters the Earth's atmosphere over the Indian Ocean.
• 1990 – Oka Crisis: First Nations land dispute in Quebec, Canada begins.
• 1991 – Nigeria Airways Flight 2120 crashes in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia killing all 261 passengers and crew on board.
• 1994 – PTV is introduced as a kids programming block for PBS to broadcast educational programming to underprivileged children.
• 1995 – Srebrenica massacre begins; lasts until 22 July.
• 2006 – Mumbai train bombings: Two hundred nine people are killed in a series of bomb attacks in Mumbai, India.
• 2010 – July 2010 Kampala attacks: At least 74 people are killed in twin suicide bombings at two locations in Kampala, Uganda
• 2011 – Evangelos Florakis Naval Base explosion: Ninety-eight containers of explosives self-detonate killing 13 people in Zygi, Cyprus.

Births

• 154 – Bardaisan, Syrian astrologer, scholar, and philosopher (d. 222)
• 1274 – Robert the Bruce, Scottish king (d. 1329)
• 1558 – Robert Greene, English author and playwright (d. 1592)
• 1561 – Luis de Góngora, Spanish cleric and poet (d. 1627)
• 1603 – Kenelm Digby, English astrologer, courtier, and diplomat (d. 1665)
• 1628 – Tokugawa Mitsukuni, Japanese daimyo (d. 1701)
• 1653 – Sarah Good, American woman accused of witchcraft (d. 1692)
• 1657 – Frederick I of Prussia (d. 1713)
• 1662 – Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria (d. 1726)
• 1709 – Johan Gottschalk Wallerius, Swedish chemist and mineralogist (d. 1785)
• 1723 – Jean-François Marmontel, French historian and author (d. 1799)
• 1751 – Caroline Matilda of Great Britain (d. 1775)
• 1754 – Thomas Bowdler, English physician and philanthropist (d. 1825)
• 1767 – John Quincy Adams, American lawyer and politician, 6th President of the United States (d. 1848)
• 1826 – Alexander Afanasyev, Russian ethnographer and author (d. 1871)
• 1832 – Charilaos Trikoupis, Greek lawyer and politician, 55th Prime Minister of Greece (d. 1896)
• 1836 – Antônio Carlos Gomes, Brazilian composer (d. 1896)
• 1846 – Léon Bloy, French author and poet (d. 1917)
• 1850 – Annie Armstrong, American missionary (d. 1938)
• 1866 – Princess Irene of Hesse and by Rhine (d. 1953)
• 1880 – Friedrich Lahrs, German architect and academic (d. 1964)
• 1881 – Isabel Martin Lewis, American astronomer and author (d. 1955?)
• 1882 – James Larkin White, American miner, explorer, and park ranger (d. 1946)
• 1886 – Boris Grigoriev, Russian painter and illustrator (d. 1939)
• 1888 – Carl Schmitt, German philosopher and jurist (d. 1985)
• 1892 – Thomas Mitchell, American actor, singer, and screenwriter (d. 1962)
• 1895 – Dorothy Wilde, English author and poet (d. 1941)
• 1897 – Bull Connor, American police officer (d. 1973)
• 1899 – Wilfrid Israel, German businessman and philanthropist (d. 1943)
• 1899 – E. B. White, American essayist and journalist (d. 1985)
• 1903 – Rudolf Abel, English-Russian colonel (d. 1971)
• 1903 – Sidney Franklin, American bullfighter (d. 1976)
• 1904 – Niño Ricardo, Spanish guitarist and composer (d. 1972)
• 1906 – Herbert Wehner, German politician, Minister of Intra-German Relations (d. 1990)
• 1910 – Irene Hervey, American actress (d. 1998)
• 1911 – Erna Flegel, German Third Reich nurse (d. 2006)
• 1912 – Sergiu Celibidache, Romanian conductor and composer (d. 1996)
• 1912 – William F. Walsh, American captain and politician, 48th Mayor of Syracuse (d. 2011)
• 1913 – Paul Gibb, English cricketer (d. 1977)
• 1913 – Cordwainer Smith, American sinologist, author, and academic (d. 1966)
• 1916 – Mortimer Caplin, American tax attorney, educator, and IRS Commissioner
• 1916 – Alexander Prokhorov, Australian-Russian physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2002)
• 1916 – Reg Varney, English actor and screenwriter (d. 2008)
• 1916 – Gough Whitlam, Australian lieutenant, lawyer, and politician, 21st Prime Minister of Australia (d. 2014)
• 1918 – Venetia Burney, English educator, who named Pluto (d. 2009)
• 1920 – Yul Brynner, Russian actor and dancer (d. 1985)
• 1920 – Zecharia Sitchin, Russian-American author (d. 2010)
• 1922 – Gene Evans, American actor (d. 1998)
• 1922 – Fritz Riess, German-Swiss race car driver (d. 1991)
• 1923 – Richard Pipes, Polish-American historian and academic
• 1924 – César Lattes, Brazilian physicist and academic (d. 2005)
• 1924 – Brett Somers, Canadian-American actress and singer (d. 2007)
• 1924 – Charlie Tully, Northern Irish footballer and manager (d. 1971)
• 1925 – Charles Chaynes, French composer
• 1925 – Peter Kyros, American lawyer and politician (d. 2012)
• 1925 – Sid Smith, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 2004)
• 1926 – Frederick Buechner, American minister, theologian, and author
• 1927 – Theodore Maiman, American-Canadian physicist and engineer (d. 2007)
• 1928 – Greville Janner, Baron Janner of Braunstone, Welsh-English lawyer and politician (d. 2015)
• 1928 – Bobo Olson, American boxer (d. 2002)
• 1929 – Danny Flores, singer-songwriter and saxophonist (The Champs) (d. 2006)
• 1929 – David Kelly, Irish actor (d. 2012)
• 1929 – Hermann Prey, German opera singer (d. 1998)
• 1930 – Harold Bloom, American literary critic
• 1930 – Trevor Storer, English businessman, founded Pukka Pies (d. 2013)
• 1931 – Dick Gray, American baseball player (d. 2013)
• 1931 – Tab Hunter, American actor
• 1931 – Tullio Regge, Italian physicist and academic (d. 2014)
• 1932 – Jean-Guy Talbot, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
• 1933 – Jim Carlen, American football player and coach (d. 2012)
• 1933 – Frank Kelso, American admiral and politician, United States Secretary of the Navy (d. 2013)
• 1934 – Giorgio Armani, Italian fashion designer, founded the Armani Company
• 1935 – Frederick Hemke, American saxophonist and educator
• 1935 – Oliver Napier, Northern Irish lawyer and politician (d. 2011)
• 1937 – Pai Hsien-yung, Chinese-Taiwanese author
• 1941 – Bill Boggs, American journalist and producer
• 1941 – Henry Lowther, English trumpet player
• 1943 – Oscar D'León, Venezuelan bass player (Dimensión Latina)
• 1943 – Howard Gardner, American psychologist and academic
• 1943 – Tom Holland, American actor, director, and screenwriter
• 1943 – Peter Jensen, Australian metropolitan
• 1943 – Robert Malval, Haitian businessman and politician, 5th Prime Minister of Haiti
• 1943 – Rolf Stommelen, German race car driver (d. 1983)
• 1944 – Lou Hudson, American basketball player and coach (d. 2014)
• 1944 – Michael Levy, Baron Levy, English philanthropist
• 1944 – Patricia Polacco, American author and illustrator
• 1946 – Martin Wong, American painter (d. 1999)
• 1947 – Jeff Hanna, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and drummer
• 1947 – John Holt, Jamaican singer-songwriter (d. 2014)
• 1947 – Norman Lebrecht, English author and critic
• 1947 – Bo Lundgren, Swedish politician
• 1950 – Pervez Hoodbhoy, Pakistani physicist and academic
• 1950 – J. R. Morgan, Welsh author and academic
• 1950 – Bonnie Pointer, American singer
• 1951 – Ed Ott, American baseball player and coach
• 1952 – Bill Barber, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
• 1953 – Piyasvasti Amranand, Thai businessman and politician, Thai Minister of Energy
• 1953 – Peter Brown, American singer-songwriter and producer
• 1953 – Suresh Prabhu, Indian accountant and politician, Indian Minister of Railways
• 1953 – Patricia Reyes Spíndola, Mexican actress, director, and producer
• 1953 – Leon Spinks, American boxer
• 1953 – Mindy Sterling, American actress
• 1953 – Ivan Toms, South African physician and activist (d. 2008)
• 1953 – Bramwell Tovey, English-Canadian conductor and composer
• 1953 – Paul Weiland, English director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1954 – Julia King, English engineer and academic
• 1955 – Balaji Sadasivan, Singaporean neurosurgeon and politician, Singaporean Minister of Health (d. 2010)
• 1956 – Amitav Ghosh, Indian-American author and academic
• 1956 – Robin Renucci, French actor and director
• 1956 – Sela Ward, American actress
• 1957 – Johann Lamont, Scottish educator and politician
• 1957 – Peter Murphy, English singer-songwriter
• 1957 – Michael Rose, Jamaican singer-songwriter
• 1958 – Hugo Sánchez, Mexican footballer, coach, and manager
• 1959 – Richie Sambora, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
• 1959 – Suzanne Vega, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
• 1960 – Caroline Quentin, English actress
• 1961 – Antony Jenkins, English banker and businessman
• 1962 – Gaétan Duchesne, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2007)
• 1962 – Pauline McLynn, Irish actress and author
• 1963 – Al MacInnis, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
• 1963 – Dean Richards, English rugby player and coach
• 1963 – Lisa Rinna, American actress and talk show host
• 1965 – Tony Cottee, English footballer, manager, and sportscaster
• 1965 – Ernesto Hoost, Dutch kick-boxer and sportscaster
• 1965 – Scott Shriner, American singer-songwriter and bass player
• 1966 – Nadeem Aslam, Pakistani-English author
• 1966 – Kentaro Miura, Japanese author and illustrator
• 1966 – Rod Strickland, American basketball player and coach
• 1966 – Ricky Warwick, Northern Irish musician
• 1967 – Andy Ashby, American baseball player and sportscaster
• 1967 – Jhumpa Lahiri, Indian American novelist and short story writer
• 1968 – Michael Geist, Canadian journalist and academic
• 1968 – Daniel MacMaster, Canadian singer-songwriter (d. 2008)
• 1968 – Esera Tuaolo, American football player
• 1969 – David Tao, Taiwanese singer-songwriter
• 1970 – Justin Chambers, American actor
• 1970 – Sajjad Karim, English lawyer and politician
• 1970 – Eric Owens, American opera singer
• 1971 – Leisha Hailey, Japanese-American singer-songwriter and actress
• 1972 – Jussi 69, Finnish drummer
• 1972 – Cormac Battle, English-Irish singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
• 1973 – Konstantinos Kenteris, Greek runner
• 1974 – Alanas Chošnau, Lithuanian singer-songwriter
• 1974 – Hermann Hreiðarsson, Icelandic footballer and manager
• 1974 – André Ooijer, Dutch footballer and coach
• 1975 – Willie Anderson, American football player
• 1975 – Rubén Baraja, Spanish footballer and manager
• 1975 – Lil' Kim, American rapper and producer
• 1976 – Eduardo Nájera, Mexican-American basketball player and coach
• 1977 – Brandon Short, American football player and sportscaster
• 1978 – Kathleen Edwards, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1978 – Massimiliano Rosolino, Italian swimmer
• 1979 – Raio Piiroja, Estonian footballer
• 1980 – Tyson Kidd, Canadian wrestler
• 1980 – Kevin Powers, American soldier and author
• 1981 – Andre Johnson, American football player
• 1982 – Chris Cooley, American football player
• 1983 – Engin Baytar, German-Turkish footballer
• 1983 – Peter Cincotti, American singer-songwriter and pianist
• 1983 – Marie Serneholt, Swedish singer and dancer
• 1984 – Yorman Bazardo, Venezuelan baseball player
• 1984 – Tanith Belbin, Canadian-American ice dancer
• 1984 – Jacoby Jones, American football player
• 1984 – Joe Pavelski, American ice hockey player
• 1984 – Morné Steyn, South African rugby player
• 1985 – Robert Adamson, American actor, director, and producer
• 1985 – Orestis Karnezis, Greek footballer
• 1986 – Raúl García, Spanish footballer
• 1986 – Yoann Gourcuff, French footballer
• 1986 – Ryan Jarvis, English footballer
• 1987 – Shigeaki Kato, Japanese singer
• 1988 – Étienne Capoue, French footballer
• 1988 – Natalya Zhedik, Russian basketball player
• 1989 – Tobias Sana, Swedish footballer
• 1989 – Travis Waddell, Australian rugby player
• 1990 – Mona Barthel, German tennis player
• 1990 – Adam Jezierski, Polish-Spanish actor and singer
• 1990 – Patrick Peterson, American football player
• 1990 – Caroline Wozniacki, Danish tennis player
• 1993 – Rebecca Bross, American gymnast
• 1993 – Heini Salonen, Finnish tennis player
• 1994 – Bartłomiej Kalinkowski, Polish footballer
• 1994 – Nina Nesbitt, Scottish singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1994 – Lucas Ocampos, Argentinian footballer
• 1994 – Anthony Milford, Australian rugby league footballer
• 1995 – Tyler Medeiros, Canadian singer-songwriter and dancer
• 1996 – Alessia Cara, Canadian singer-songwriter

Deaths

• 472 – Anthemius, Roman emperor (b. 420)
• 937 – Rudolph II of Burgundy (b. 880)
• 969 – Olga of Kiev (b. 890)
• 1174 – Amalric I of Jerusalem (b. 1136)
• 1183 – Otto I Wittelsbach, Duke of Bavaria (b. 1117)
• 1302 – Robert II, Count of Artois (b. 1250)
• 1535 – Joachim I Nestor, Elector of Brandenburg (b. 1484)
• 1581 – Peder Skram, Danish admiral and politician (b. 1503)
• 1593 – Giuseppe Arcimboldo, Italian painter (b. 1527)
• 1599 – Chōsokabe Motochika, Japanese daiymo (b.1539)
• 1688 – Narai, Thai king (b. 1629)
• 1774 – Sir William Johnson, 1st Baronet, Irish-English general (b. 1715)
• 1775 – Simon Boerum, American farmer and politician (b. 1724)
• 1797 – Ienăchiță Văcărescu, Romanian historian and philologist (b. 1740)
• 1806 – James Smith, Irish-American lawyer and politician (b. 1719)
• 1825 – Thomas P. Grosvenor, American soldier and politician (b. 1744)
• 1844 – Yevgeny Baratynsky, Russian philosopher and poet (b. 1800)
• 1905 – Muhammad Abduh, Egyptian jurist and scholar (b. 1849)
• 1908 – Friedrich Traun, German sprinter and tennis player (b. 1876)
• 1909 – Simon Newcomb, Canadian-American astronomer and mathematician (b. 1835)
• 1929 – Billy Mosforth, English footballer and engraver (b. 1857)
• 1937 – George Gershwin, American pianist, songwriter, and composer (b. 1898)
• 1946 – Paul Nash (artist), British painter (b. 1889)
• 1959 – Charlie Parker, English cricketer, coach, and umpire (b. 1882)
• 1966 – Delmore Schwartz, American poet (b. 1913)
• 1967 – Guy Favreau, Canadian lawyer, judge, and politician, 28th Canadian Minister of Justice (b. 1917)
• 1971 – John W. Campbell, American journalist and author (b. 1910)
• 1971 – Pedro Rodríguez, Mexican race car driver (b. 1940)
• 1974 – Pär Lagerkvist, Swedish novelist, playwright, and poet Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1891)
• 1976 – León de Greiff, Colombian poet and educator (b. 1895)
• 1979 – Claude Wagner, Canadian lawyer, judge, and politician (b. 1925)
• 1983 – Ross Macdonald, American-Canadian author (b. 1915)
• 1987 – Avi Ran, Israeli footballer (b. 1963)
• 1987 – Yaakov Yitzchok Ruderman, American rabbi and scholar (b. 1901)
• 1989 – Laurence Olivier, English actor, director, and producer (b. 1907)
• 1991 – Mokhtar Dahari, Malaysian footballer and coach (b. 1953)
• 1994 – Gary Kildall, American computer scientist, founded Digital Research (b. 1942)
• 1998 – Panagiotis Kondylis, Greek philosopher and author (b. 1943)
• 1999 – Helen Forrest, American singer (b. 1917)
• 1999 – Jan Sloot, Dutch computer scientist and electronics technician (b. 1945)
• 2000 – Pedro Mir, Dominican lawyer, author, and poet (b. 1913)
• 2000 – Robert Runcie, English archbishop (b. 1921)
• 2001 – Herman Brood, Dutch musician and painter (b. 1946)
• 2003 – Zahra Kazemi, Iranian-Canadian freelance photographer (b. 1948)
• 2004 – Laurance Rockefeller, American financier and philanthropist (b. 1910)
• 2004 – Renée Saint-Cyr, French actress and producer (b. 1904)
• 2005 – Gretchen Franklin, English actress and dancer (b. 1911)
• 2005 – Jesús Iglesias, Argentinian race car driver (b. 1922)
• 2005 – Frances Langford, American actress and singer (b. 1913)
• 2006 – Barnard Hughes, American actor (b. 1915)
• 2006 – John Spencer, English snooker player and sportscaster (b. 1935)
• 2007 – Glenda Adams, Australian author and academic (b. 1939)
• 2007 – Lady Bird Johnson, American beautification activist; 43rd First Lady of the United States (b. 1912)
• 2007 – Alfonso López Michelsen, Colombian lawyer and politician, 32nd President of Colombia (b. 1913)
• 2007 – Ed Mirvish, American-Canadian businessman and philanthropist, founded Honest Ed's (b. 1914)
• 2008 – Michael E. DeBakey, American surgeon and educator (b. 1908)
• 2009 – Reg Fleming, Canadian-American ice hockey player (b. 1936)
• 2009 – Arturo Gatti, Italian-Canadian boxer (b. 1972)
• 2009 – Ji Xianlin, Chinese linguist and paleographer (b. 1911)
• 2010 – Walter Hawkins, American singer-songwriter, pianist, producer, and pastor (b. 1949)
• 2011 – Rob Grill, American singer-songwriter and bass player (b. 1943)
• 2012 – Art Ceccarelli, American baseball player and coach (b. 1930)
• 2012 – Marion Cunningham, American author (b. 1922)
• 2012 – Richard Scudder, American journalist and publisher, co-founded MediaNews Group (b. 1913)
• 2012 – Donald J. Sobol, American soldier and author (b. 1924)
• 2012 – Marvin Traub, American businessman and author (b. 1925)
• 2013 – Emik Avakian, Iranian-American inventor (b. 1923)
• 2013 – Egbert Brieskorn, German mathematician and academic (b. 1936)
• 2013 – Eugene P. Wilkinson, American admiral (b. 1918)
• 2014 – Charlie Haden, American bassist and composer (b. 1937)
• 2014 – Carin Mannheimer, Swedish author and screenwriter (b. 1934)
• 2014 – Bill McGill, American basketball player (b. 1939)
• 2014 – Tommy Ramone, Hungarian-American drummer and producer (b. 1949)
• 2014 – John Seigenthaler, American journalist and academic (b. 1927)
• 2014 – Randall Stout, American architect, designed the Taubman Museum of Art (b. 1958)
• 2015 – Giacomo Biffi, Italian cardinal (b. 1928)
• 2015 – James U. Cross, American general (b. 1925)
• 2015 – Satoru Iwata, Japanese game programmer and businessman (b. 1959)
• 2015 – Lawrence K. Karlton, American lawyer and judge (b. 1935)
• 2015 – André Leysen, Belgian businessman (b. 1927)

Holidays and observances

• Christian Feast Day:
  • Benedict of Nursia
  • Olga of Kiev
  • July 11 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• China National Maritime Day (China)
• Day of the Bandoneón (Argentina)
• Day of the Flemish Community (Flemish Community of Belgium)
• Eleventh Night (Northern Ireland)
• Free Slurpee Day (Participating stores of the 7-Eleven chain in North America)
• Gospel Day (Kiribati)
• Imamat Day (Isma'ilism)
• National Day of Commemoration, held on the nearest Sunday to this date (Ireland)
• The first day of Naadam (July 11–15) (Mongolia)
• World Population Day (International)

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to July 11.

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada