0s BC

Millennium:	1st millennium BC
Centuries:	2nd century BC – 1st century BC – 1st century
Decades:	30s BC 20s BC 10s BC – 0s BC – 0s 10s 20s
Years:	9 BC 8 BC 7 BC 6 BC 5 BC 4 BC 3 BC 2 BC 1 BC
0s BC-related categories:	Births – Deaths Establishments

0s BC is usually considered the last decade of the 1st century BC and the 1st millennium BC. However, like the 0s, the number of years in the 0s BC is not always clearly defined. Note that there is no year zero (0) in either the proleptic Gregorian calendar or Julian calendar. Hence 1 BC is followed by the year AD 1. This is a list of events occurring in the 0s BC, ordered by year. AD 1 is the first year of the Anno Domini era (also known as the Common Era). In 525 (the consulship of Probus Junior Flavius Probus), a 6th-century monk named Dionysius Exiguus stated that the incarnation of Jesus occurred 525 years earlier.^[1] Whether Dionysius regarded "incarnation" as Jesus' birth or conception, and whether Dionysius placed it in 1 BC or AD 1 are debated by modern scholars. Nevertheless, these same scholars believe Jesus was actually born a few years earlier, during this decade.

This article concerns the period 9 BC – 1 BC, the last nine years before the Anno Domini era, not the last ten years.

Events

Contents: 9 BC 8 BC 7 BC 6 BC 5 BC 4 BC 3 BC 2 BC 1 BC

9 BC

By place

Roman Empire

Pannonia is incorporated in the Roman Empire as part of Illyria.
The Ara Pacis ("Altar of Augustan Peace"), voted by the Senate four years earlier, is dedicated.
Nero Claudius Drusus begins a campaign against the Marcomanni, but dies soon after a fall from his horse.
Tiberius Claudius Nero continues the conquest of Germania.

8 BC

By place

Roman Empire

King Maroboduus becomes ruler of the Marcomanni and fights against the Roman Empire expansion in Bohemia.
Arminius, son of a Cheruscan chieftain, is taken hostage to Rome where he receives a military education.

7 BC

By place

Roman Empire

Tiberius Claudius Nero and Gnaeus Calpurnius Piso are Roman Consuls.

6 BC

By place

Roman Empire

Emperor Augustus sent ferrets (named viverrae by Plinius) to the Balearic Islands to control the rabbit plagues.
Tiberius Claudius Nero is sent to Armenia, then retires to Rhodes.

5 BC

4 BC

By place

Judea Province, Roman Empire

After the death of Herod the Great, there is unrest in his kingdom. His son, Herod Archelaus becomes the new ruler of Judea. Herod Antipas becomes tetrarch of Galilee and Perea.
The Governor of Syria, Publius Quintilius Varus, assembles three of his four legions, including Legio X Fretensis, and marched down to Jerusalem from Antioch to restore order. He crucifies 2,000 Jewish rebels.

3 BC

By place

Roman Empire

King Maroboduus of the Marcomanni organized in the area later known as Bohemia a confederation of Germanic tribes, with the Hermunduri, Lombards, Semnoni and Vandals.
Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus commands the Roman army in Germania and crossed the Elbe. He builds the pontes longi (latin- meaning long bridge) over the marshes between the Rhine and the Ems.

2 BC

By place

Nazareth, Galilee

Winter, [Shebat] Gabriel (The Angel) fortells the birth of Jesus Christ the Messiah to Mary his mother. (Luke 1:26-38 )

Judea

Winter/Spring [Adar] Mary visits her relative Elizabeth, As Jesus is Honored Before His Birth, Then Mary Magnifies Jehovah. (Luke 1:39-56)

Roman Empire

Emperor Augustus is proclaimed Pater Patriae, or "father of the country" by the Roman Senate; this bestowed title is the logical consequence and final proof of Augustus' supreme position as princeps, the first in charge over the Roman state.^[2]
Julia the Elder, daughter of Augustus, is exiled on charges of treason and adultery to Pandateria; her mother Scribonia accompanies her.
The Aqua Alsietina Roman aqueduct is constructed.

Parthia

Phraates V becomes king of the Parthian Empire, after he and his mother "the goddess Musa" have murdered his father Phraates IV.

1 BC

By place

Roman Empire

Emperor Augustus sent his stepson Gaius Caesar as army commander to the East and made a peace treaty with Phraates V on an island in the river Euphrates.
Ovid writes the Ars Amatoria.

China

Emperor, Ai of Han dies and is succeeded by his cousin Ping of Han, a boy who is nine years old. Wang Mang is appointed regent by the Grand Empress Dowager Wang.
Former regent Dong Xian commits suicide.

By topic

Religion

Birth of Jesus, in the religion of Christianity, was conceived 25 March and born on 25 December, as assigned by Dionysius Exiguus in his anno Domini era; according to most scholars, Dionysius used the word "incarnation", but it is not known whether he meant conception or birth.^[3]^[4] However, at least one scholar thinks Dionysius placed the incarnation of Jesus in the next year, AD 1.^[3]^[4] Most modern scholars do not consider Dionysius' calculations authoritative, themselves placing the event several years earlier (see Chronology of Jesus).^[5]

Significant people

Tigranes IV, King of Armenia, r. 12–1 BC
Erato, Queen of Armenia, 8–5 BC, 2 BC – 2 AD, 6–11
Artavasdes III, King of Armenia, r. 5–2 BC
Ariobarzan of Atropatene, Client King of Armenia, r. 1 BC – 2 AD
Chend Di, Emperor of Han Dynasty China, r. 32–7 BC
Ai Di, Emperor of Han Dynasty China, r. 7–1 BC
Ping Di, Emperor of Han Dynasty China, r. 1 BC – 5 AD
Wang Mang, Chinese statesman and future emperor of China
Dong Xian, Han Dynasty Chinese official under Emperor Ai of Han
Antiochus III, King of Commagene, r. 12 BC – 17 AD
Arminius, Germanic war chief (18 BC/17 BC – AD 21)
Arshak II, King of Caucasian Iberia, r. 20 BC-1 AD
Strato II and Strato III, co-kings of the Indo-Greek Kingdom, r. 25 BC – 10 AD
Lugaid Riab nDerg, Legendary High King of Ireland, r. 33–9 BC
Conchobar Abradruad, Legendary High King of Ireland, r. 9–8 BC
Crimthann Nia Náir, Legendary High King of Ireland, r. (8 BC – 9 AD)
Suinin, Legendary Emperor of Japan, r. 29 BC – 70 AD
Amanishakheto, King of Kush, r. 10–1 BC
Natakamani, King of Kush, r. 1 BC – AD 20
Ma'nu III, King of Osroene, r. 23–4 BC
Abgar V, King of Osroene, r. 4 BC-AD 7, 13–50
Phraates IV, king of the Parthian Empire, r. 38–2 BC
Phraates V, king of the Parthian Empire, r. 2 BC – 4 AD
Musa of Parthia, mother and co-ruler with Phraates V, r. 2 BC – 4 AD
Caesar Augustus, Roman Emperor (27 BC – AD 14)
Nero Claudius Drusus, Roman Consul, in office 9 BC
Gaius Caesar, Roman general
Livy, Roman historian
Ovid, Roman poet
Quirinius, Roman nobleman and politician
Tiberius, Roman general, statesman, and future emperor.
Herod the Great, Client king of Judea
Hillel the Elder, Jewish scholar and Nasi of the Sanhedrin, in office c. 31 BC–9 AD
Shammai, Jewish scholar and Av Beit Din of the Sanhedrin, in office 20 BC-20 AD
Hyeokgeose, King of Silla, r. 57 BC-4 AD

Births

Albrecht Altdorfer's painting the Adoration of the Magi (made ca. 1530) is one of several works of art concerning the Navity of Jesus. Though Jesus's exact birthdate is unknown (other than it would have occurred sometime during this decade)^[6]

9 BC
- Emperor Ping of Han (d. AD 6)
- Asconius Pedianus, Roman grammarian and historian
8 BC – Empress Wang (d. 23)
5 BC – Guangwu, Emperor of China (d. 57)
4 BC – Herod Philip II, tetrarch of Iturea and Trachonitis
3 BC
- Seneca the Younger, Roman statesman (d. AD 65)
- Servius Sulpicius Galba, Roman general and emperor (d. AD 69)
1 BC
- Ptolemy of Mauretania, client king of Mauretania (d. AD 40)
- St. Matthew, Figure of early Christianity, specifically an Apostle
date unknown
- John the Baptist, Jewish religious teacher
- Jesus, Jewish teacher and central figure of Christianity (6 BC? – 30)

Deaths

9 BC – Nero Claudius Drusus, Roman statesman and military commander
8 BC
- Horace, Roman poet (b. 65 BC)
- Gaius Maecenas, Roman politician and patron of the arts (b. 70 BC)
- Empress Xu
- Liu Xiang, Chinese scholar
- Polemon, client king of Cilicia, Pontus, Colchis and the Bosporan Kingdom.
7 BC
- Emperor Cheng of Han (b. 51 BC)
- Consort Zhao Hede
- Aristobulus IV, Judean Prince (son of Herod the Great)
- Geumwa, king of Dongbuyeo (located on the Korean Peninsula)
6 BC
- Consort Ban, Chinese concubine of Emperor Cheng of Han, also a female poet and scholar (born 48 BC)
- Consort Feng Yuan (b. c. 48 BC)
5 BC – Curia, Wife and loyal supporter of Quintus Lucretius Vespillo
4 BC
- Antipater, Judean prince (son of Herod the Great)
- Herod the Great, client king of Judea (b. 73 BC)
- Marcus Tullius Tiro, freedman of Cicero
3 BC – Imperial consort Fu of the Chinese Han Dynasty
2 BC
- Jullus Antonius, Roman Consul
- Phraates IV, King of Parthia
1 BC
- Dong Xian, Han Dynasty Chinese official under Emperor Ai of Han (b. 23 BC)
- Emperor Ai of Han (b. 27 BC)
- Empress Fu
- Empress Zhao Feiyan (b. 32 BC)

References

↑ Nineteen Year Cycle of Dionysius First Argumentum.
↑ Eck, Werner; translated by Deborah Lucas Schneider; new material by Sarolta A. Takács. (2003) The Age of Augustus. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing (hardcover, ISBN 0-631-22957-4; paperback, ISBN 0-631-22958-2).
1 2 Georges Declercq, Anno Domini: The origins of the Christian Era (Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols, 2000), pp.143–147.
1 2 G. Declercq, "Dionysius Exiguus and the introduction of the Christian Era", Sacris Erudiri 41 (2002) 165–246, pp.242–246. Annotated version of a portion of Anno Domini.
↑ James D. G. Dunn, Jesus Remembered, Eerdmans Publishing (2003), page 324.
↑ "Adherents.com – Number of Christians in the world". Archived from the original on 2009-09-12. Retrieved 2009-09-10.

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